黄杨绢野螟雌蛾性信息素的鉴定及诱蛾活性

【目的】研究旨在深入探讨中国黄杨绢野Diaphania perspectalis 的雌蛾性信息素组成及诱蛾活性。【方法】利用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对黄杨绢野螟正常型性成熟雌蛾的性腺体提取物和合成标样比较分析，并用反-11-十六碳烯醛(E11-16:Ald) 、顺-11-十六碳烯醛（Z-11-16:Ald）、顺-9-十六碳烯醛（Z-9-16:Ald)、顺-11-十六碳烯醇（Z-11-16:OH)等物质进行触角的电生理测定，最后开展田间诱集比较试验以筛选出最佳性信息素混合物。【结果】Z-11-16:Ald为中国黄杨绢野螟正常型性信息素主要组分，E-11-16:Ald的含量极低，Z-11-16:OH未检测到。正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟触角对Z-11-16:Ald, E-11-16:Ald, Z-9-16:Ald和Z-11-16:OH产生强烈的EAG反应，并随着浓度的提高而显著增加；而对Z-11-16:Ac和E-11-16:Ac的嗅觉反应较弱，低于对植物绿叶气味顺3-己烯乙酸酯（Z-3-6:Ac）的反应。单一Z-1-16:Ald对正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟具有强烈的诱集效果，加入E-11-16:Ald有一定的增效作用，但在统计上则不显著。单一Z-11-16:Ald组分对黑化型雄性黄杨绢野螟无引诱活性，必需加入一定比例的E-11-16:Ald才显示诱蛾活性。Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald的比例为250 μg:250 μg时诱集到的黑化型雄性黄杨绢野螟数量最多，而Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald的比例为429 μg:71 μg时则诱集到的正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟数量最多。同时，单一Z-11-16:Ald也可引诱大量雄性粘虫Mythimna separata，但E-11-16:Ald抑制其活性。【结论】中国黄杨绢野螟的性信息素主成分是Z-11-16:Ald，单一组分即可在田间强烈引诱雄蛾，E-11-16:Ald的功能只起到微弱的增效作用，但也可能起种的专一性的作用。正常型与黑化型黄杨绢野螟对性信息素的嗅觉反应存在差异，黑化型黄杨绢野螟的性信息素接近日本种，即性信息素组成为Z-11-16:Ald和E-11-16:Ald 的混合物，其比例为1:1，且E-11-16:Ald为必需。

Identification of female sex pheromones of Diaphania perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and their attractiveness to moths

【Aim】 The objective of this study is to identify the composition of female sex pheromones of the box tree moth, Diaphania perspectalis in China and to understand the the differential attractiveness of these components to D. perspectalis moths. 【Methods】 The sex pheromone extract of female calling moths of the normal form D. perspectalis was identified and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , and confirmed by the synthetic compound samples. The olfactory responses of D. perspectalis to sex pheromones and their isomers were investigated with electroantennogram (EAG). The field trapping tests were carried out to pinpoint the optimized blends. 【Results】 (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11-16:Ald) was the major component found in the sex pheromone extract of female calling moths of D. perspectalis, (E)-11-hexadecenal (E-11-16:Ald) was the very minor component, while (Z)-11-hexadecenol(Z-11-16:OH) was not detected in all extracts. The EAG recording results revealed that the antennae of male moths of D. perspectalis had strong responses to Z-11-16:Ald, E-11-16:Ald, (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z-9-16:Ald) and Z-11-16:OH, but had very weak responses to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z-11-16:Ac) and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (E-11-16:Ac) compared with to the general green leave volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate. The EAG responses of the male moths of D. perspectalis to Z-11-16:Ald, E-11-16:Ald and Z-9-16:Ald increased dramatically with the concentration. The number of the normal form male moths of D. perspectalis attracted by single component Z-11-16:Ald showed no statistically significant difference from that by the mixture of Z11-16: Ald and E-11-16:Ald in the field tests. However, the single component Z-11-16:Ald showed no attractiveness to the melanic form male moths of D. perspectalis , but showed attractiveness when E-11-16:Ald was added. The highest number of melanic form male moths of D. perspectalis was attracted by the mixture Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald at the ratio of 250 μg:250 μg, and the mixture Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald at the ratio of 400 μg:100 μg and 429 μg:71 μg were also attractive to the normal form male moths of D. perspectalis. Z-11-16:Ald was strongly attractive to male moths of Mythimna separata, but this attractivity was suppressed by E-11-16:Ald.【Conclusion】Z-11-16:Ald is the major component of pheromone for the normal form of D. perspectalis moths in China. E-11-16:Ald might play a minor synergistic role and the species specificity in D. perspectalis sex pheromone blend. There is some difference in the olfactory responses of sex pheromone between the normal form and the melanic form male moths of D. perspectalis. The sex pheromone of the melanic form of D. perspectalis has a component close to that in Japan, which is the mixture of Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald with the ratio of 1:1, and E-11-16:Ald is required for the attractiveness of the pheromone mixture.