支气管激发试验对咳嗽变异性哮喘诊断和治疗的新思考

目的:通过分析我院经行支气管激发试验明确诊断的咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的临床和肺功能特点,为诊断和治疗CVA提供一些有益的参考。方法:临床资料采用回顾性分析,共收集142例支气管激发试验阳性而经临床诊断明确为咳嗽变异型哮喘的病例,将其按年龄分为5组,分别对不同年龄组在分布例数、症状特点、肺通气功能、激发剂量进行对比分析。结果:在142例CVA患者中,<30岁组病例42例(29.6%),30~40岁组30例(21.1%),40~50岁组28例(19.7%),50~60岁组26例(18.3%),>60岁组16例(11.3%)。在症状方面,除均有慢性咳嗽(>3周)外,随着年龄的增大,各组中出现胸闷、气促等症状的病例比例逐渐增多。在肺通气功能方面,<30岁组的肺通气功能测定明显好于>60岁组。而另外3组之间组与组之间无明显差异,但各组与<30岁组及>60岁组之间均有明显差异。结论:咳嗽变异型哮喘患者以中青年患者居多,老年患者较少,随着年龄的增长,其临床表现及肺通气功能越来越接近典型支气管哮喘,由此推想,若有条件的医院能广泛开展支气管激发试验,对咳嗽变异型哮喘患者进行早期诊断。     

阳江地区慢性咳嗽的病因学调查研究

目的探讨阳江地区慢性咳嗽的病因特点。方法对2010年3月～2012年3月在阳江市中医医院门诊就诊的200例慢性咳嗽患者的临床资料进行研究。结果确定病因诊断者187例,单一病因咳嗽者178例,其中前五位依次为上气道咳嗽综合征（占34.0%）,变异型哮喘（占18.0%）,胃食管反流（占13.5%）,变应性咳嗽（占12.5%）,嗜酸细胞性支气管炎（占11.0%）;二重病因9例中,为上气道咳嗽综合征并胃食管反流（占2.5%）,上气道咳嗽综合征合并变异型哮喘（占2.0%）。结论慢性咳嗽的病因复杂,涉及多个临床学科,应进一步诊断及鉴别诊断。     

WLL-1株博卡病毒(Bocavirus)全基因组序列分析

儿童下呼吸道感染已成为当前儿科发病率最高的一种疾病,而病毒是小儿下呼吸道感染的重要原因。临床上有相当比例的小儿下呼吸道感染病因未能作出明确的实验室诊断,给临床诊断与治疗带来了较大的困难。小儿下呼吸道感染可以由不同病毒引起,其中包括呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、腺     

慢性咳嗽的壮医防治及护理研究进展

正慢性咳嗽是老年人、小儿较为常见的临床症状之一,是以咳嗽为主要或惟一的临床表现,病程4周,胸部X线未见明显异常~([1])。慢性咳嗽分为特异性咳嗽和非特异性咳嗽。特异性咳嗽是具有明确诊断的疾病症状;而非特异性咳嗽是以咳嗽为主要或惟一表现,胸部X线片未见明显异常。该病多见于小儿和老年人,而且由于慢性咳嗽的病情迁延日久,严重影响患者的生活质量。慢性咳嗽的病因复杂,在诊断不明确时使用药物治疗无益于患者身体健康~([2]),相反存在很多     

咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）与小气道功能相关性分析

目的:探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患者小气道功能检查对其诊断,治疗的意义。方法:对254例以慢性咳嗽为主的患者行肺功能检查并行支气管激发试验,回顾性分析小气道病变及气道高反应性检查结果与咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的相关性。结果:有小气道功能障碍者接受吸入乙酰甲胆碱激发试验,气道反应性明显增高。有小气道功能障碍确诊咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)组起始阻力、反应阈值及阻力上升度与非哮喘组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:检查小气道功能障碍有助于哮喘的诊断,治疗及预后随访。     

慢性咳嗽的诊疗研究进展

咳嗽是一种反射性的防御动作,也是临床最常见的症状之一,可以起到清除气道内的分泌物、防止外来异物进入体内的作用,但同时咳嗽也有使呼吸道内感染扩散、导致呼吸道出血、诱发自发性气胸及影响工作、休息等对机体不利的影响.正确诊断和及时、有效的治疗咳嗽具有重要的临床意义.咳嗽的病因主要包括上气道咳嗽综合征、咳嗽变异性哮喘、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流性咳嗽和药物性咳嗽及精神性咳嗽.本文拟就近年来导致慢性咳嗽的常见病因的诊疗进展做一简要综述.     

泛福舒对反复呼吸道感染儿童免疫功能的影响

目的:观察泛福舒治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染的临床疗效及时机体免疫状况的影响.方法:将2008年9月至10月收治的60例反复呼吸道感染患儿随机分成两组,实验组(30例)在常规治疗基础上加用泛福舒胶囊口服3个月,对照组(30例)常规给予抗感染及对症治疗.观察呼吸道感染复发次数及免疫功能水平变化.结果:两组临床疗效比较,实验组复发次数较对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),实验组IgG、IgA水平较对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),IgM的水平无差异(P>0.01),IGF-1水平较对照组有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:泛福舒可增强机体免疫功能,对治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染有明显疗效.     

肺炎支原体感染与咳嗽变异性哮喘的关系探讨

近来,每年都有肺炎支原体感染的散发和不同程度的流行。肺炎支原体(MP)已成为小儿呼吸道感染的重要病原。目前,肺炎支原体与咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的关系越来越受到重视。本文通过对86例咳嗽变异性哮喘进行回顾性分析,现报告如下。1对象与方法1.1对象CVA组:2004年2月至2006年4月在台州市中心医院儿科门诊及随访的病例。所有病例均符合儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘防治常规的诊断标准[1],并血清支原体抗体检测治疗组45 0.61±0.22 6.2±1.5对照组43 0.83±0.38 9.1±1.3P值<0.05<0.05(日本富士株式会社生产,应用颗粒凝集法测定MP-IgM,MP-IgM≥1∶…     

呼吸道感染住院患儿Merkel细胞多瘤病毒检测及临床研究

目的:了解北京地区Merkel细胞多瘤病毒(MCPyV)在呼吸道感染住院儿童中的流行情况和临床特点。方法:采集北京友谊医院儿科呼吸道感染住院患儿的鼻咽抽吸物样本200份,并收集相应的患儿临床资料,采用TaqMan real-time PCR方法检测MCPyV LTAg基因,并经测序确认;MCPyV阳性样本同时检测常见的人呼吸道病毒混合感染情况。结果:200份标本中共检出MCPyV阳性6例,检出率3%;感染儿童年龄从6月到5岁,其中年龄≤3岁的占83.3%(5/6)。诊断包括支气管肺炎和急性支气管炎,临床表现包括发热、咳嗽、喘息。6例阳性样本均与其他呼吸道病毒混合感染,A型流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒混合感染最常见,6例阳性样本MCPyV载量均低于10拷贝/μL。结论:real-time PCR方法检测呼吸道感染住院患儿中MCPyV的感染率为3%,6例MCPyV阳性样本均与其他呼吸道病毒混合感染且MCPyV载量较低,不能认为MCPyV是儿童呼吸道感染的病因。     

肺炎支原体抗体阳性对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿肺功能的影响研究

目的:通过探讨肺炎支原体(MP)抗体阳性感染对咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿肺功能的影响,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选择2012年6月~2014年6月本院收治的CVA患儿共60例,依据支原体抗体检查和肺功能检测结果,分为CVA合并MP组(合并组)和CVA组,检测两组患儿初诊时肺通气功能、支气管激发试验阳性率,分析初诊时、治疗1、3个月后MP抗体对肺功能第一秒用力呼吸容积/用力肺活量(FEV1%)的影响。结果:初诊时两组患儿肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、FEV1%、最大中段呼气流速(MMEF75/25)实测值均低于预测值(P0.05),合并组MMEF75/25预测值/实测值的比值较CVA组高(P0.05)。支气管激发试验阳性患儿中,合并组以轻度和极轻度为主,CVA组以重度和中度为主(P0.05)。MP抗体滴度持续阳性和阴性患儿FEV1%无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:合并MP抗体阳性CVA患儿气道高反应性程度较低,小气道阻塞加重,对肺通气功能无影响。     

中药抗炎治疗小儿慢性咳嗽的研究进展

慢性咳嗽是儿童呼吸科门诊的常见疾病,病因具有多样化和年龄差异。现代医学认为神经源性气道炎症是慢性咳嗽的重要原因,多采用抗炎、抗过敏药物治疗。中药治疗儿童慢性咳嗽遵从整体观念和辨证论治,主要从风、痰、虚论治,具有确切疗效。通过查阅文献,本文对治疗儿童慢性咳嗽的中药进行了总结,并对其抗炎机制进行综述。临床研究发现,依据中医扶阳理论辨治儿童慢性咳嗽,可获得良好疗效,在此一并进行简要阐述。     

普米克都保联合沙丁胺醇对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的疗效分析

目的:探讨普米克都保联合沙丁胺醇对咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿的疗效分析。方法:选取100例CVA患者,沙丁胺醇组(48例)给予沙丁胺醇联合用药组(52例)给予沙丁胺醇和普米克都保,观察并记录两组患者治疗后的疗效,咳嗽缓解及消失时间,治疗前后的用力肺活量(FVC),第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰流速(PEF)及最大呼气中段流速(MMEF)等肺功能指标及随访1个月期间的不良反应,评价普米克都保联合沙丁胺醇对咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效。结果:治疗后联合用药组有效率明显高于沙丁胺醇组(P0.05),联合用药组中有92.3%患者,沙丁胺醇组有72.9%患者咳嗽症状在2周内消失,治疗后联合用药组咳嗽缓解时间和消失时间明显短于沙丁胺醇组(P0.05)。治疗前后,两组在FVC,FEVl,PEF上相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前,两组MMEF水平均明显低于体检健康者(P0.05),其他肺功能指标与体检健康者相比,无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后联合用药组MMEF明显高于治疗前,且高于沙丁胺醇组(P0.05)。沙丁胺醇组治疗前后MMEF未出现明显变化(P0.05)。随访1个月期间,两组不良反应率相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:普米克都保联合沙丁胺醇能对CVA具有较好的治疗作用,能缩短咳嗽症状消失时间,改善患儿肺功能,值得临床推广使用。     

孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床疗效及安全性。方法:166例小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组83例,对照组给予布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入,观察组在对照组的基础上加服孟鲁司特钠,治疗4周后对两组的临床疗效进行评价。结果:观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(91.57%VS80.72%,P<0.05);观察组患者哮喘持续时间、咳嗽消失时间及肺部哮鸣音消失时间均快于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者FEV1和PEF%显著升高(P<0.05),观察组升高更为明显(P<0.05),两组均无严重不良反应。结论:孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘可有效改善患者的肺通气功能和缓解临床症状,是治疗该病的可靠方法。     

硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效及对肺功能的影响

目的:探讨硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法:选择2012年1月-2014年8月我院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿120例,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例。两组均给予吸氧、吸痰、镇静、止咳、抗感染和支气管扩张剂治疗,研究组再加用25%硫酸镁溶液0.1~0.2ml/(kg.次)气泵吸入治疗,比较两组临床疗效及患儿肺功能变化。结果:研究组总有效率为98.3%,显著高于对照组的88.3%(P0.05);研究组患儿咳嗽、气促、喘息、肺部哮鸣音/啰音消失时间及住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患儿潮气量(VT)、达峰时间比(t PTEF/t E)和v PTEF/v E均明显升高,吸呼比(Ti/Te)明显降低(P0.05),研究组VT、t PTEF/t E和v PTEF/v E显著高于对照组,Ti/Te显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎可以改善患儿喘憋、气促、呼吸困难等症状以及肺功能,临床效果较好。     

Toxocariasis associated with chronic cough in childhood: a longitudinal study in Hungary

Chronic cough lasting 8 weeks or more often seems to be an intractable problem in childhood. Toxocara infection is associated with an increased prevalence of airway symptoms and may be the possible aetiological agent of chronic cough. Of 425 children aged 2-17 years with chronic cough who were investigated for toxocariasis and the distribution of bronchial asthma (BA), cough variant asthma (CVA) and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB), 136 (32%) were seropositive for Toxocara canis antigens. Ninety-three of the 136 were adequately assessed, diagnosed and followed up during 1 year. BA was diagnosed in 40%, CVA in 27% and NAEB in 33% of the children. The eosinophil cell count, serum T. canis IgG levels and symptoms are predictors of the improvement or the decline of the condition. Presuming the aetiopathogenetic role of T. canis in the inflammatory process of chronic cough, we treated the children not only with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), but also with a 1-week course of anthelminthics. We could significantly decrease the dose of ICS in 23 (62%) of the 37 with BA. The administration of anthelminthics and the avoidance of sensitizers were sufficient for those with NAEB; none needed ICS. ICS therapy could be stopped 2-3 months later in 17 (68%) of the 25 with CVA. We found that 8 of the 25 with CVA (32%) presented asthmatic symptoms at the end of the 1-year period. In Hungary, T. canis may be a potential sensitizer for chronic cough in seropositive children. Deworming therapy will then alleviate the airway symptoms without exacerbation in patients with BA, and have a positive effect on those with NAEB and the majority of those with CVA.     

Evaluation of the influence of the bacterial vaccines Pneumo-23 and Act-HIB on the course of the chronic inflammatory process of the respiratory organs in children

The effectiveness and safety of vaccination of children having chronic inflammatory lung diseses with Pneumo-23 and Act-HIB were evaluated. The group under study included 38 children having chronic pneumonia, congenital defects of lung development, Kartagener's syndrome, mucoviscidosis; of these children, 25 were vaccinated with Pneumo-23 and 13--with Act-HIB. For comparison a group of 40 children with the same pathology, but not vaccinated, was used. A favorable course of the postvaccinal period was noted. Prior to vaccination Streptococcus pneumoniae in association with Haemophilus influenzae were isolated from all patients; in a year after vaccination with Pneumo-23 these microorganisms were isolated only in monoculture: S. pneumoniae in 3 out of 25 cases (88% elimination) and H. influenzae in 10 out of 25 cases (60% elimination).     

Rapid diagnosis of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis of pneumococcal etiology in children

The diagnostic possibilities of the microscopic examination of bronchial secretion smears, stained by Gram's method, from 56 children with chronic bronchitis at different stages of exacerbation have been studied. The following criteria have been proposed for confirming the etiological role of pneumococci in cases of endobronchitis in children: the number of paired diplococci in the visual field must exceed 10 with polynuclears covering the whole field. In 84% of cases the use of this method makes it possible to determine the pneumococcal etiology of the disease within two hours from the arrival of the pathological material to a bacteriological laboratory; this method can also be used for evaluating the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy at its different stages.     

The course of liver cirrhosis not preceded by viral hepatitis with p articular reference to toxic etiology]

The study was aimed at analysing the epidemiological structure of patients with liver cirrhosis without HBsAg treated in 1980-1988. There were 231 of such cases in this period of time. The most frequent cause of liver cirrhosis in patients under 60 years of life was chronic alcoholism whereas 40% of the diagnosed liver cirrhosis in older persons was of unclear etiology. Patients complaints, clinical examinations, and results of the laboratory tests were analysed. The course of the disease was more severe in alcohol-produced liver cirrhosis leading to the haemorrhage from esophageal varices in 36%, and coma in 8% of cases. Alcohol-produced liver cirrhosis promoted other complications such as: cancer of the liver, hepato-renal syndrome or encephalopathy. Liver cirrhosis of unclear etiology in the elderly may be a consequence of the prolonged exposition to environmental pollutants. More severe course of alcohol-produced liver cirrhosis may depend on simultaneous action of two harmful factors: alcohol and environmental pollutants.