中国蚱属二新种记述(蚱总科:蚱科)

记述采自云南省蚱属昆虫二新种,即南贡山蚱（Tetrix nangongshanensis sp．nov．）及大理蚱（Tetrix daliensis sp．nov）。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

中国西藏地区股沟蚱属一新种(直翅目,蚱总科)

记述采自西藏地区股沟蚱属1新种,西藏股沟蚱Saussurella xizangensis sp.nov.,新种近似于印度股沟蚱Saussurella indica Hancock,1912及钩角股沟蚱Saussurella decurva Brunner yon Wattenwyl,1893,其区别于两者为:1)AP/T(前胸背板前突长/前翅长)比率为2.35;2)肩部之间具l对短斜纵隆线;3)前翅卵形;4)后翅超过后突顶端部分长2mm;5)后足股节膝齿极大;6)触角黑色.新种又区别于钩角股沟蚱为雌性下生殖板后缘中齿较长超过侧齿顶端.新种亦近似长翅股沟蚱Saussurella longiptera (Yin),1984,但前胸背板前突顶端极下弯;雌性下生殖板后缘中齿较长,超过侧齿顶端相区别.附有股沟蚱属所有已知种的分种检索表.新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

云南省蚱科四新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科)

记述采自云南省西双版纳及大理苍山地区蚱科4新种,即狭顶庭蚱Hedotettix strictivertex sp.nov.,版纳柯蚱Coptotettix bannaensis sp.nov.,长翅蚱Tetrix longipennis sp.nov.及勐仑悠背蚱Euparatettix menlunensis sp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

广西蚱科一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科)

记述采自广西北海地区蚱科蚱属Tetrix昆虫1新种,即北海蚱Tetrix beihaiensis sp.nov.。该新种近似于宜州蚱Tetrix yizhouensis Zhenget Deng,主要区别为:(1)侧面观背板上缘在前段呈弧形,后段平;(2)沟前区侧隆线平行;(3)肩部之间具一对短纵隆线;(4)前胸背板后突略超过后足股节顶端;(5)后足股节下侧外面非黑色。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

云南微翅蚱属一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:蚱科)

记述采自云南丘北地区微翅蚱属1新种,即褐胫微翅蚱Alulatettix ochrotibis Deng and Zheng,sp.nov,.模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室. 该新种近似于秦岭微翅蚱Alulatettix qinlingensis Deng,Zheng et Wei 2006,主要区别为:颜面降起在侧单眼之间不凹陷;颜面隆起纵沟的宽度略宽于触角基节的宽度;触角中段一节的长为宽的2.0～2.5倍;侧面观背板上缘略波状;沟前区侧隆线向后收缩.其与断隆微翅蚱Alulatettix interrupta Deng,Zheng et Wei 2006也相似,但头顶的宽度宽于一眼宽的1.6倍,前胸背板中隆线全长完整;沟前区侧隆线向后收缩;肩部之间不具1对短纵隆线. 正模:♂,云南丘北(锦屏),1 400 m,2006-Ⅷ-05,邓维安采;副模:1♂,同正模.     

陕西省蚱科三新种记述(直翅目: 蚱总科)

记述采自陕西省佛坪自然保护区蚱科昆虫 3新种 ,即二齿尖顶蚱 Teredorusbidentatus sp.n.、秦岭蚱 Tetrix qinlingensis sp.n.及波股蚱 Tetrix undatifemurasp.n.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国玛蚱属一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科)

记述采自广西地区短翼蚱科玛蚱属Mazarredia Bolivar 1新种:黑翅玛蚱Mazarredia nigripennis, sp. nov.。该新种近似于短背玛蚱Mazarredia brachynota Zheng,主要区别为:1)颜面隆起纵沟狭于触角基节的宽度;2)在肩部之间具1对短纵隆线;3)背板后突到达后足胫节基部;4)后翅到达后突的顶端;5)中足股节宽于前翅能见部分的宽度。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室(2♂♂)和河池学院动物标本室(1♂)。     

广西玛蚱属一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科)

记述采自广西巴马地区短翼蚱科玛蚱属Mazarredia Bolivar昆虫1新种,即巴马玛蚱Mazarredia bamaensissp.nov.。该新种近似于黑石顶玛蚱Mazarredia heishidingensis ZhengetX ie,主要区别为:(1)侧面观颜面隆起与头顶成圆形;(2)颜面隆起纵沟狭于触角基节的宽度;(3)背板后突到达后足胫节1/3处;(4)背板侧缘在肩后略收缩;(5)侧面观背板上缘全长呈波状;(6)第1跗节下3个肉垫顶尖。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室(2♂)和河池学院动物标本室(1♂)。     

广西羊角蚱属三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:刺翼蚱科)

记述分布于广西的羊角蚱属昆虫3新种,即百色羊角蚱Criotettixbaiseensis,sp.nov.,广西羊角蚱Criotettixguangxiensis,sp.nov.和宽股羊角蚱Criotettixlatifemurus,sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

甘肃省蚱科--新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科)

记述了采自甘肃省蚱科一新种,即圆肩蚱（Tetrix tereeshumerus sp．nov．）。该新种近似于神农架蚱（Tetrix shenglonjiaensis Zheng,Li and Wei）,主要区别为：（1）头顶宽为1眼宽的2倍;（2）头顶前缘圆弧形,明显突出于眼前;（3）侧面观,颜面隆起在侧单眼前直;（4）前胸背板后突到达后足股节2／3处;（5）沟前区侧隆线平行;（6）肩角圆弧形;（7）肩部之间不具一对短纵隆线;（8）后翅到达后足股节中部;（9）中足股节明显大于前翅宽;（10）雌性下生殖板长大于宽。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

Syringa species: molecular marking of species and cultivars

RAPD analysis was carried out with 22 accessions of the genus Syringa, including six species, one interspecific hybrid, and 15 cultivars. In total, 500 polymorphic fragments were detected; species-specific and cultivar-specific markers were identified. For the first time, genetic polymorphism and genome similarity coefficients were estimated and phylogenetic relationships were established for the genus Syringa.     

Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute

Studies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.     

Review: Other Helicobacter species

This article is a review of the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2018 and April 2019 in the field of Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori. The initial part of the review covers new insights regarding the presence of gastric and enterohepatic non‐H. pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) in humans and animals, while the subsequent section focuses on the progress in our understanding of the pathogenicity and evolution of these species. Over the last year, relatively few cases of gastric NHPH infections in humans were published, with most NHPH infections being attributed to enterohepatic Helicobacters. A novel species, designated “Helicobacter caesarodunensis,” was isolated from the blood of a febrile patient and numerous cases of human Helicobacter cinaedi infections underlined this species as a true emerging pathogen. With regard to NHPH in animals, canine/feline gastric NHPH cause little or no harm in their natural host; however they can become opportunistic when translocated to the hepatobiliary tract. The role of enterohepatic Helicobacter species in colorectal tumors in pets has also been highlighted. Several studies in rodent models have further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of NHPH‐related disease, and the extra‐gastric effects of a Helicobacter suis infection on brain homeostasis was also studied. Comparative genomics facilitated a breakthrough in the evolutionary history of Helicobacter in general and NHPH in particular. Investigation of the genome of Helicobacter apodemus revealed particular traits with regard to its virulence factors. A range of compounds including mulberries, dietary fiber, ginseng, and avian eggs which target the gut microbiota have also been shown to affect Helicobacter growth, with a potential therapeutic utilization and increase in survival.     

英国的侧盘菌属:属的概况及大型孢子种的研究(英文)

对侧盘菌属在英国的研究概况进行了评述,研究侧重于Otidea apophysata和O.platyspora两个具有大型子囊孢子的种。同时,对4个错误地用于大型孢子种的名称进行了订正:O. abietina(Pseudotis属的模式种)是含糊名称(nomen ambiguum);O.cochleata也为含糊名称;O. felina是O.alutacea的同物异名,并为后者指定了选模式;将O.umbrina处理为O.bufonia的同物异名。此外,确定了Otidea violacea的分类地位。     

Vesper: Visualising species archives

Vesper (Visual Exploration of SPEcies-referenced Repositories) is a tool that visualises Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) datasets, and is aimed at reducing the amount of time and effort expended by biologists to ascertain the quality of data they are generating or using. Currently, DwC-A quality checking is limited to table outputs of data ‘existence’ and compliance with DwC-A format guidelines via the online DwC-A archive validator and reader. Whilst these tools thoroughly examine the presence of data, and the correctness of data structure against the DwC-A schema, they do not give any insight into the underlying quality of the data itself.Built on top of the D3 JavaScript library, Vesper analyses and displays DwC-A datasets in three fundamental dimensions—taxonomic, geographic and temporal—with a visualisation dedicated to each of these aspects of the data. By viewing a dataset's composition in these dimensions, a data consumer can judge whether it is suitable for the tasks or analyses they have in mind, whilst a data provider can identify where a dataset they've constructed may fall short in terms of data quality i.e. does it contain data that is obviously incorrect such as the classic longitude inversion that places North American specimens in China. A further visualisation of the taxonomic dimension can reveal the subtaxa distribution of reference taxonomies—whilst a simple table reveals the presence or not of certain data types for each record to give an overall data ‘existence’ profile for the dataset. Selections of parts of a dataset within one visualisation are linked to the other visualisation displays for that dataset, permitting the discovery of whether data quality issues are restricted to identifiable sub-portions of the dataset.Vesper can handle client-side data sets of a million entities within a browser by judicious use of data filtering, as many of the data types within individual records are not necessary to judge the geographic, temporal or taxonomic distribution and extent of a dataset. Thus, many of the more verbose fields in the file can simply be passed over during an initial data decompression stage. Furthermore it can provide limited name and structure matching of a dataset against DwC-A packaged reference taxonomies to indicate data quality relative to sources outside the archive. A selection of annotated example scenarios shows how Vesper can reveal data quality issues in DwC-A archives.     

Opinion: Re-evaluating prokaryotic species

There is no widely accepted concept of species for prokaryotes, and assignment of isolates to species is based on measures of phenotypic or genome similarity. The current methods for defining prokaryotic species are inadequate and incapable of keeping pace with the levels of diversity that are being uncovered in nature. Prokaryotic taxonomy is being influenced by advances in microbial population genetics, ecology and genomics, and by the ease with which sequence data can be obtained. Here, we review the classical approaches to prokaryotic species definition and discuss the current and future impact of multilocus nucleotide-sequence-based approaches to prokaryotic systematics. We also consider the potential, and difficulties, of assigning species status to biologically or ecologically meaningful sequence clusters.     

CpDNA-based species identification and phylogeography: application to African tropical tree species

Despite the importance of the African tropical rainforests as a hotspot of biodiversity, their history and the processes that have structured their biodiversity are understood poorly. With respect to past demographic processes, new insights can be gained through characterizing the distribution of genetic diversity. However, few studies of this type have been conducted in Central Africa, where the identification of species in the field can be difficult. We examine here the distribution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity in Lower Guinea in two tree species that are difficult to distinguish, Erythrophleum ivorense and Erythrophleum suaveolens (Fabaceae). By using a blind-sampling approach and comparing molecular and morphological markers, we first identified retrospectively all sampled individuals and determined the limits of the distribution of each species. We then performed a phylogeographic study using the same genetic data set. The two species displayed essentially parapatric distributions that were correlated well with the rainfall gradient, which indicated different ecological requirements. In addition, a phylogeographic structure was found for E. suaveolens and, for both species, substantially higher levels of diversity and allelic endemism were observed in the south (Gabon) than in the north (Cameroon) of the Lower Guinea region. This finding indicated different histories of population demographics for the two species, which might reflect different responses to Quaternary climate changes. We suggest that a recent period of forest perturbation, which might have been caused by humans, favoured the spread of these two species and that their poor recruitment at present results from natural succession in their forest formations.