12种中国葱属植物的核型分析

采用细胞压片法,对采自中国西部的12种葱属植物的根尖有丝分裂中期进行了观察,其巾天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)、梭沙韭(Aforrestii)、昌都韭(A.changduense)、西川非(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)、野葱(A.chrysanthum)和真籽韭(A.eusperma)等7种植物的核型为首次报道.供试类群中,峨眉韭(A.omeiense)和多星韭(A.wallichii)的染色体基数分别为11和7,其余类群的染色体基数均为8.观察发现,随体杂合和多侪性现象在供试类群中很普遍.分析推测:(1)随体和倍性的变异在葱属某些类群的进化中可能起重要作用,随体的类型在葱属具有重要的分类意义;(2)多倍化和地下走茎的无性繁殖方式可能是天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)的进化策略;(3)西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄非(A.rude)和野葱(A.chrysanthum)有密切的亲缘关系;(4)真籽韭(A.eusperma)与多籽组在核型上有密切的亲缘关系.

Karyotypes in Twelve Species of Genus Allium from China

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 12 species of genus Allium from Western China are reported in this paper.Karyotypes of A.cyaneum,A.forrestii,A.changduense,A.xichuanense,A.rude,A.chrysanthum and A.eusperma are reported for the first time.The basic chromosome number is 8 in all species studied except A.omeiense(x=11) and A.wallichii(x=7).Satellite heterozygosis and polyploidy is common in the genus.It is inferred that variations of satellite and ploidy should be important to the evolution of Allium.The results also show:(1)The types of satellite represents good characters for taxonomy;(2)The polyploidization and stoloniferous propagation may be the evolutional mechanism of A.cyaneum;(3)A.xichuanense,A.rude,A.chrysanthum are closely relative;(4)A.eusperma is closely related to sect.Molium.