西方蜜蜂对氟吡呋喃酮和吡虫啉胁迫的响应

因新烟碱类农药对蜜蜂高毒，作为其潜在替代品的氟吡呋喃酮（Flupyradifurone，FPF）受到广泛关注。由于FPF被认为对“蜜蜂安全”，可在作物开花期使用，因而蜜蜂可能存在长期接触FPF的现象。农药胁迫下蜜蜂机体生理指标的响应是解析农药慢性毒性的基础。本文比较了FPF和吡虫啉（Imidacloprid，IMI）对蜜蜂存活率、解毒和氧化应激相关酶类以及免疫和凋亡相关基因表达的影响，结果表明，两种农药对哺育蜂的慢性经口毒性相近，均显著降低存活率，导致中肠组织损伤和细胞死亡，并且引起氧化应激、解毒和免疫反应。此外，幸存蜜蜂可能通过抑制过氧化物酶活性和下调细胞凋亡基因表达耐受农药胁迫。以上结果为解析两种农药慢性毒性和抗农药蜂种选育提供一定的理论依据。

The response of Apis mellifera to flupyradifurone and imidacloprid stress

Flupyradifurone (FPF) has attracted attention as a potential alternative pesticide because of the high toxicity of neonicotinoids to bees. Since FPF is considered as “bee safe” and can be used on sequentially blooming crops, bees may be directly and chronically exposed to it. The response of honeybee physiological indicators to pesticide stress is the basis for analyzing the chronic toxicity of pesticide. In this study, we compared the effects of FPF and imidacloprid (IMI) on honey bee survival rate, detoxification and oxidative stress-related enzymes, and expression of immune and apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that both pesticides had similar chronic oral toxicity to nurse bees. Both the pesticides significantly reduced the survival rate; and caused tissue damage and cell death in midgut cells. They also induced significant oxidative stress, detoxification and immune responses. In addition, surviving bees may tolerate pesticide stress by inhibiting the peroxidase activity and down-regulating apoptotic gene expression. The above results provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the chronic toxicity of the two pesticides and the selection of pesticide-resistant bee species.