全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1421篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
专业分类
1547篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 76篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 74篇 |
2007年 | 66篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 72篇 |
2004年 | 73篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1547条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Denise Risch Nicholas J. Gales Jason Gedamke Lars Kindermann Douglas P. Nowacek Andrew J. Read Ursula Siebert Ilse C. Van Opzeeland Sofie M. Van Parijs Ari S. Friedlaender 《Biology letters》2014,10(4)
For decades, the bio-duck sound has been recorded in the Southern Ocean, but the animal producing it has remained a mystery. Heard mainly during austral winter in the Southern Ocean, this ubiquitous sound has been recorded in Antarctic waters and contemporaneously off the Australian west coast. Here, we present conclusive evidence that the bio-duck sound is produced by Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). We analysed data from multi-sensor acoustic recording tags that included intense bio-duck sounds as well as singular downsweeps that have previously been attributed to this species. This finding allows the interpretation of a wealth of long-term acoustic recordings for this previously acoustically concealed species, which will improve our understanding of the distribution, abundance and behaviour of Antarctic minke whales. This is critical information for a species that inhabits a difficult to access sea-ice environment that is changing rapidly in some regions and has been the subject of contentious lethal sampling efforts and ongoing international legal action. 相似文献
3.
G V Segre M Rosenblatt B L Reiner J E Mahaffey J T Potts 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1979,254(15):6980-6986
4.
5.
6.
N E Reiner 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1987,138(6):1919-1925
Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a principal mediator of the host immune response to microbial challenge. Accessory cells of the monocyte-macrophage series are a major source of this cytokine and are also chronically parasitized by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. This suggests that characterization of the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania would increase our understanding of the regulation of host immunity to these organisms. In the present study, the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania donovani was examined because infections with this organism have findings consistent with parasite-specific T cell unresponsiveness. Cytokine activity was measured either by direct stimulation or by co-stimulation of thymocytes. Conditioned media from BALB/c resident peritoneal macrophages infected with amastigotes of L. donovani contained no more IL 1 than did supernatant fluids of control cells. In contrast, supernatants from cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes had significantly increased cytokine content. Resident cells infected with L. donovani for 4 hr before being stimulated with Listeria demonstrated a suppressed IL 1 response (approximately 40% of Listeria alone) to this secondary particulate stimulus. In contrast, the secondary response of leishmania-preinfected cells to lipopolysaccharide was not affected. To examine whether accessory cell nonresponsiveness to L. donovani (with respect to IL 1) was related to the state of macrophage activation, elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained by injection of proteose peptone were also studied. These cells responded to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and fixed Staphylococcus aureus with increases in intracellular, membrane, and secreted cytokine activities. In contrast, L. donovani failed to induce any of these activities. This was found to be the case irrespective of whether amastigotes were alive or killed or opsonized with specific antibodies. Elicited cells preinfected with Leishmania responded normally to secondary stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, but not S. aureus (64% of Staphylococcus alone). In addition, attachment and penetration of L. donovani promastigotes and their subsequent conversion to amastigotes within macrophages failed to induce IL 1 synthesis. The findings of this study indicate that L. donovani has the ability to both evade and suppress the macrophage IL 1 response. Because this monokine provides an obligatory signal during macrophage-dependent T cell activation, evasion of signal transduction for IL 1 synthesis may be related to defects in cell-mediated immunity which occur during infections with this organism. 相似文献
7.
8.
G. N. Reiner L. Delgado-Marín N. Olguín S. Sánchez-Redondo M. Sánchez-Borzone E. Rodríguez-Farré C. Suñol D. A. García 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2013,67(2):515-525
Phenol compounds, such as propofol and thymol, have been shown to act on the GABAA receptor through interaction with specific sites of this receptor. In addition, considering the high lipophilicity of phenols, it is possible that their pharmacological activity may also be the result of the interaction of phenol molecules with the surrounding lipid molecules, modulating the supramolecular organization of the receptor environment. Thus, in the present study, we study the pharmacological activity of some propofol- and thymol-related phenols on the native GABAA receptor using primary cultures of cortical neurons and investigate the effects of these compounds on the micro viscosity of artificial membranes by means of fluorescence anisotropy. The phenol compounds analyzed in this article are carvacrol, chlorothymol, and eugenol. All compounds were able to enhance the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam with EC50 values in the micromolar range and to increase the GABA-evoked Cl? influx in a concentration-dependent manner, both effects being inhibited by the competitive GABAA antagonist bicuculline. These results strongly suggest that the phenols studied are positive allosteric modulators of this receptor. Chlorothymol showed a bell-type effect, reducing its positive effect at concentrations >100 μM. The concentrations necessary to induce positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptor were not cytotoxic. Although all compounds were able to decrease the micro viscosity of artificial membranes, chlorothymol displayed a larger effect which could explain its effects on [3H]flunitrazepam binding and on cell viability at high concentrations. Finally, it is suggested that these compounds may exert depressant activity on the central nervous system and potentiate the effects of general anesthetics. 相似文献
9.
10.