The p53 isoforms are differentially modified by Mdm2

The discovery that the single p53 gene encodes several different p53 protein isoforms has initiated a flurry of research into the function and regulation of these novel p53 proteins. Full-length p53 protein level is primarily regulated by the E3-ligase Mdm2, which promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Here, we report that all of the novel p53 isoforms are ubiquitinated and degraded to varying degrees in an Mdm2-dependent and -independent manner, and that high-risk human papillomavirus can degrade some but not all of the novel isoforms, demonstrating that full-length p53 and the p53 isoforms are differentially regulated. In addition, we provide the first evidence that Mdm2 promotes the NEDDylation of p53β. Altogether, our data indicates that Mdm2 can distinguish between the p53 isoforms and modify them differently.     

Functional analysis of a miRNA‐like small RNA derived from Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus

Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a major pathogen of the economic insect silkworm, Bombyx mori. Virus‐encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to play important roles in host–pathogen interactions. In this study we identified a BmCPV‐derived miRNA‐like 21 nt small RNA, BmCPV‐miR‐1, from the small RNA deep sequencing of BmCPV‐infected silkworm larvae by stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and investigated its functions with qPCR and lentiviral expression systems. Bombyx mori inhibitor of apoptosis protein (BmIAP) gene was predicted by both target prediction software miRanda and Targetscan to be one of its target genes with a binding site for BmCPV‐miR‐1 at the 5′ untranslated region. It was found that the expression of BmCPV‐miR‐1 and its target gene BmIAP were both up‐regulated in BmCPV‐infected larvae. At the same time, it was confirmed that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could up‐regulate the expression of BmIAP gene in HEK293T cells with lentiviral expression systems and in BmN cells by transfecting mimics. Furthermore, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate the expression level of BmIAP gene in midgut and fat body in the silkworm. In the midgut of BmCPV‐infected larvae, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could be further up‐regulated and inhibitors could lower the virus‐mediated expression of BmIAP gene. With the viral genomic RNA segments S1 and S10 as indicators, BmCPV‐miR‐1 mimics could up‐regulate and inhibitors down‐regulate their replication in the infected silkworm. These results implied that BmCPV‐miR‐1 could inhibit cell apoptosis in the infected silkworm through up‐regulating BmIAP expression, providing the virus with a better cell circumstance for its replication.     

MALE PEACH APHID ATTRACTION IN THE FIELD BY SEX PHEROMONES1)

Abstract Field trials by sex pheromone of aphid to trap peach aphids Myzus persicae have been carried out in 1995 and in 1996. Suitable time and the effect of ratio of two components nepetalactone and nepetalactol to apply the lure have been observed.     

轮生钩藻的形态特征及其系统位置

十年前在云南省早泥盆世的地层中发现了轮生钩藻(Uncataella verticillata),限于当时的材料,其分类位置未定。本研究所用材料采自它的模式标本产地,化石植物保存良好,首次发现了着生在植物体上的雌性生殖器官——藏卵器。根据藏卵器和植物体其它部分显示的形态特征,本文修订了它的原始描述并对其系统位置进行了探讨,认为轮生钩藻是一种原始的轮藻植物,很可能属于直立轮藻目直立轮藻科中的一个成员。     

邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas sp.90-1)降解直链烷基苯磺酸钠酶的诱导

在Plesiomonas sp.90-1中,降解直链烷基苯环酸钠(LAS)相关的酶为诱导酶.使用正交多因子法研究了细胞降解LAS酶活诱导的最佳条件为:细胞培养温度30℃,LAS诱导浓度10ppm,酵母膏0.008%,pH8.0,通气.在此条件下,LAS酶活比未经诱导者提高1.4倍.碳源的加入会阻遏LAS降解酶的活力形成.在所试氮源中,以(NH_4)H_2PO_4对LAS降解酶的形成最有利.低浓度的磷酸盐对LAS降解酶活形成无影响,但高浓度的磷酸盐对LAS降解酶活形成不利.利用微量检压技术发现经此条件诱导的细胞耗氧量上升2—3倍.     

Modulation of SPARC Expression during Butyrate-Induced Terminal Differentiation of Cultured Human Keratinocytes: Regulation via a TGF-β-Dependent Pathway

Expression of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), a 43-kDa extracellular matrix-associated glycoprotein involved in tissue remodeling, was quantitated during normal human keratinocyte (NHK) growth in culture and as a function of sodium n-butyrate (NaB)-induced differentiation to mature enucleate cornified envelopes (CEs). Low levels of SPARC expression were observed in the basal-like cells of control NHKs, with isolated cells showing intense SPARC expression on the ventral surface. After addition of NaB, SPARC expression increased and the pattern of expression shifted to one involving predominantly suprabasal cells (i.e., spinous cells, pre-CEs, and mature CEs). Dense deposits of SPARC often surrounded the mature CEs. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that approximately 13% of NHKs expressed SPARC within 24 h of seeding into culture. This fraction of SPARC⁺ cells increased with time and peaked immediately postconfluence (31.3 ± 6.3% SPARC⁺). Cellular SPARC expression then decreased to baseline levels during entrance into plateau phase growth. SPARC was detectable in all phases of the cell cycle. SPARC levels were more intense and heterogeneous within the G₂/M and G₁ phases while S phase cells exhibited relatively homogeneous, low intensity, SPARC expression. During NaB-induced NHK differentiation, SPARC intracellular content increased prior to the onset of CE formation (i.e., 2 days after its addition) followed by a period of extracellular accumulation which coincided with the time of maximal CE generation (i.e., Days 4 and 5 after NaB addition). Correlation of cell size with anti-SPARC immunoreactivity revealed a predominance of SPARC expression in cells with a suprabasal phenotype. NHKs cultured on fibronectin (FN), an established modulator of epidermal cell maturation in vitro, showed a similar response to NaB. In general, however, the level of NaB-induced SPARC expression was considerably reduced in FN cultures correlating with a lower efficiency of CE formation. Induced SPARC expression was, in large part, dependent on autocrine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production since incubation in the presence of NaB + neutralizing antibodies to TGF-β inhibited both the expression of SPARC by 72% and development of mature CEs.     

内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导小麦抗根腐病作用研究

【目的】明确印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)诱导小麦对根腐病产生抗性的作用机制。【方法】用印度梨形孢悬液浸种,以无菌培养液为对照,用病原菌禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)侵染小麦,对其相关生理生化指标及转录组变化进行分析。【结果】禾谷镰孢菌能诱导小麦产生过氧化氢,降低细胞内水含量,破坏细胞膜的稳定性;根部定殖印度梨形孢的小麦细胞内抗氧化酶活性增强,活性氧自由基含量降低,胞内水含量提高,细胞膜稳定性增强;印度梨形孢定殖能改变由于病原菌引起的mRNA转录组变化,抗性相关基因的表达增强。综合表明印度梨形孢定殖能有效地提高小麦对禾谷镰孢菌的抗性。【结论】研究结果为深入理解植物与微生物互作、开发新型高效环保抗根腐病生物制剂提供理论和实验依据。     

辽宁省爬行动物名录及地理区划更新

基于此前辽宁省爬行动物调查资料和分类学研究,结合近年来野外调查进展,对辽宁省爬行动物名录和区系进行修订,并报道辽宁省蛇类新记录二种——乌梢蛇（Ptyasdhumnades）和黑头剑蛇（Sibynophischinensis）。根据从辽宁省凌源市野外获得的影像资料进一步确认黑眉锦蛇（Elaphe taeniura）在辽宁省的分布。另依据采集自葫芦岛市的1号王锦蛇（E. carinata）标本对该种在辽宁省的分布予以补充描述。截至2023年5月,辽宁省记录爬行动物2目11科21属37种,其中,龟鳖目3科4属5种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目3科5属10种,蛇亚目5科12属22种。爬行动物中,国家一级重点保护野生动物3种,国家二级重点保护野生动物6种。此外,有15个物种被《中国生物多样性红色名录脊椎动物第三卷爬行动物》评估为受威胁物种。根据辽宁省爬行动物最新分布信息,将辽宁省划分为6个动物地理省,分别为辽东山地丘陵省、辽东半岛山地丘陵省、辽河平原省、努鲁儿虎山北麓丘陵台地及西辽河沙地省、辽西山地丘陵省和冀辽山地省,其中,冀辽山地省为本研究中新增动物地理省。扩大原辽东半岛丘陵省涵盖范围,并将其名称修订为“辽...     

Efficient polymer-mediated delivery system for thiocyclam: Nanometerization remarkably improves the bioactivity toward green peach aphids

The unscientific application of synthetic pesticides has brought various negative effects on the environment, hindering the sustainable development of agriculture. Nanoparticles can be applied as carriers to improve pesticide delivery, showing great potential in the development of pesticide formulation in recent years. Herein, a star polymer (SPc) was constructed as an efficient pesticide nanocarrier/adjuvant that could spontaneously assemble with thiocyclam or monosultap into a complex, through hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding, respectively, with the pesticide-loading contents of 42.54% and 19.3%. This complexation reduced the particle sizes of thiocyclam from 543.54 to 52.74 nm for pure thiocyclam, and 3 814.16 to 1 185.89 nm for commercial preparation (cp) of thiocyclam. Interestingly, the introduction of SPc decreased the contact angles of both pure and cp thiocyclam on plant leaves, and increased the plant uptake of cp thiocyclam to 2.4–1.9 times of that without SPc. Meanwhile, the SPc could promote the bioactivity of pure/cp thiocyclam against green peach aphids through leaf dipping method and root application. For leaf dipping method, the 50% lethal concentration decreased from 0.532 to 0.221 g/L after the complexation of pure thiocyclam with SPc, and that decreased from 0.390 to 0.251 g/L for cp thiocyclam. SPc seems a promising adjuvant for nanometerization of both pure and cp insecticides, which is beneficial for improving the delivery efficiency and utilization rate of pesticides.