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961.
The antimutagenic effect of selenium as sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenium dioxide, and seleno-methionine was studied
in the AmesSalmonella/microsome mutagenicity test using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and some of its metabolites. Selenium (20 ppm) as
sodium selenite reduced the number of histidine revertants on plates containing up to 100 μg DMBA/plate. Increasing concentrations
of selenium as sodium selenite, sodium selenate, and selenium dioxide up to 40 ppm Se progressively decreased the number of
revertants caused by 50 μg DMBA. DMBA and its metabolites 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene, 12-hydroxymethyl-7-methylbenz(a)anthracene,
and 3-hydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were mutagenic forSalmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of an S-9 mixture. Selenium supplementation as Na2SeO3 reduced the number of revertants induced by these metabolites to background levels. The antimutagenic effect of inorganic
selenium compounds cannot be explained by toxicity of selenium as determined by viability tests withSalmonella typhimurium TA100. Selenium supplementation in all forms examined, except sodium selenate, decreased the rate of spontaneous reversion.
Selenium as sodium selenate was slightly mutagenic at concentrations of 4 ppm or less. Higher concentration of Na2SeO4 inhibited the mutagenicity of DMBA. The present studies support the anticarcinogenic potential of selenium and indicate that
form and concentration are important factors in this trace element's efficacy. 相似文献
962.
We studied the effects of somatostatin on synthesis of pancreatic DNA, RNA and protein and on pancreatic weight and contents of DNA, protein, amylase and chymotrypsinogen in rats. In short term synthesis studies, rats were injected with 100 micrograms . kg-1 somatostatin or 0.15 M NaCl (control) at times 0, 8 and 16 h. Eight rats from each treatment group were killed 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h after beginning treatment. Incorporation rates in vivo of [3H]thymidine into DNA, [3H]uridine into RNA and [14C]phenylalanine into total protein were significantly depressed by somatostatin. In long term studies, four groups of 12 rats were injected every 8 h for 5 days with 0.15 M NaCl or 11, 33 or 100 micrograms . kg-1 somatostatin. Body weight was unaffected but pancreatic contents of DNA, protein and enzymes were significantly decreased by somatostatin. Administration of somatostatin inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in exocrine pancreas with resulting decreases in DNA and enzyme contents. 相似文献
963.
Ming-Ling Janet Wang Daniel L. Friedman 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression》1982,697(1):41-52
RNA-primed discontinuous DNA synthesis was studied in an in vitro system consisting of washed nuclei from synchronized S-phase HeLa cells. A new technique proved useful for the purification of short nascent fragments of DNA (Okazaki fragments). Mercurated dCTP was substituted for dCTP in the DNA synthesis reaction. Short nascent pieces (4–6 S) of mercurated DNA were found to bind preferentially to sulfhydryl-agarose, and could be eluted with mercaptoethanol. The isolated fragments were assayed for the presence of covalently linked RNA by the spleen exonuclease method described by Kurosawa et al. (Kurosawa, Y., Ogawa, T., Hirose, S., Okazaki, T. and Okazaki, R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 96, 653–664). Following a 30 s incubation with [3H]TTP in the absence of added ribonucleotides, approximately 20% of the nascent strands synthesized in washed nuclear preparations had RNA attached. These RNA primers either preexisted in the nuclei or were formed from endogenous ribonucleotides. The 5′ ends of the primers appeared to be largely in a phosphorylated state. In the absence of added ribonucleotides, these RNA-DNA linkages disappeared within 2 min, whereas if ribonucleotides were added, the number of RNA primers increased to 40% and remained at this level for greater than 2 min. To obtain maximal levels of RNA primer, the addition of all three of the ribonucleotides, rCTP, rGTP and rUTP (0.1 mM), as well as high levels of rATP (5 mM) was required. Addition of ribonucleotides also markedly enhanced the amount of nascent DNA fragments synthesized. However, in the absence of added ribonucleotides, after RNA primers had disappeared, nascent DNA fragments were still initiated at a significant rate. These results suggest that RNA primers play an important role in the initiation of Okazaki fragments but that synthesis can also be initiated by alternative mechanisms. An important role for ATP in RNA primer synthesis is suggested. 相似文献
964.
965.
Gerhard Toggenburger Max H?sermann Beat Mütsch Giulio Genoni Markus Kessler Fritz Weber Dietrich Hornig Brigitte ONeill Giorgio Semenza 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》1981,646(3):433-443
l-Ascorbate is taken up into brush border vesicles from kidney cortex of rat, rabbit and guinea pig by an efficient, Na+-dependent and potential-sensitive transport process. This uptake shows saturation () and is strongly stimulated by low concentrations of N3?. Erythorbate (d-isoascorbate) seems to be another, but poorer, substrate of the same transporter. 相似文献
966.
Treatment of rats with pyrazole elevated the hepatic microsomal dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity (DMNd) by several fold. Methylethylnitrosamine demethylase activity was also increased by pyrazole, but some classical monooxygenase activities were not induced. The treatment induced a new protein species which has an apparent molecular weight of 52,000 dal and is believed to be a cytochrome P-450 isozyme. The involvement of a hemoprotein in the pyrazole-induced DMNd was demonstrated in an experiment with CoCl2 which decreased both the microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and DMNd. The induced enzyme with a single Km value of 0.061 mM and Vmax of 12.1 nmol/min/mg is probably the most efficient enzyme known to metabolize nitrosamines. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was also demonstrated to be an essential component enzyme of the DMNd. These results further substantiate the idea that the P-450-containing monooxygenase is responsible for the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in both the control and pyrazole induced microsomes. 相似文献
967.
Lee-Young Chau Hsin-Hsiung Tai 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1981,100(4):1688-1695
Release of arachidonate from 2-arachidonyl diglyceride by human platelet microsomes was investigated. Diglycerides labeled with 14C-stearate at sn-1 and with 3H-arachidonate at sn-2 were used as a substrate for microsomal diglyceride lipase. Diglyceride was deacylated first at sn-1 as evidenced by the accumulation of 2-arachidonyl monoglyceride but not of 1-stearoyl monoglyceride. Subsequent release of arachidonate from monoglyceride required the action of a monoglyceride lipase. Studies on substrate specificity indicated that diglyceride lipase utilized 2-arachidonyl diglyceride as the best substrate. 相似文献
968.
969.
Lipoxygenbase-derived products of arachidonic acid mediate stimulation of hexose uptake in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D A Bass M J Thomas E J Goetzl L R DeChatelet C E McCall 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1981,100(1):1-7
The titration of metal-freed bovine α-lactalbumin with Mg2+ ions causes a two-stepped decrease in the tryptophan fluorescence quantum yield and a pronounced spectral shift towards shorter wavelengths, which seems to be a result of the binding of two magnesium ions to the protein molecule. The magnesium binding constants evaluated from the fluorimetric Mg2+-titration are 2·103 and 2·102 M?1. Mg2+ ions in millimolar concentrations almost do not influence the binding of Ca2+ ions to the protein. 相似文献
970.
(101/El × C3H/El)F1 male mice were injected intraperitoneally with the mutagen procarbazine hydrochloride and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to LDH-A (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to LDH-B (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1
c is proposed as the allele symbol. 相似文献