Gastrointestinal pH measurement in rats: influence of the microbial flora, diet and fasting

The pH of the rat intestinal tract was decreased by the presence of a microbial flora, but its influence in the forestomach is less clear. Stomach pH values varied according to the amount of food present at the time of measurement. Fasting increased the pH of the gastrointestinal tract in conventional rats but had little effect in germfree rats. In the conventional rat, feeding a purified diet compared with a commercial diet resulted in a lower pH in the forestomach and a higher pH in the caecal contents. Magnesium trisilicate promoted gastric emptying in conventional rats and its antacid effect was observed only in the caecum and colon.     

A chronic implant for recording of cochlear potentials in primates

A new technique for the continuous recording of peripheral bioelectrical activity in the auditory system of primates is described. Because of basic differences in the anatomy of the temporal bone, the approach to the round window of the cochlea is more difficult in most primates than in lower animals. A relatively simple surgical approach, which made possible the placement of an electrode into the perilymph of the inner ear via the well-demarcated horizontal semicircular canal was therefore developed and is described in detail. The bared tip of a Teflon-coated wire was cemented into the canal opening with carboxylate cement, and the wire attached to a permanent electrical connector on the skull. Cochlear microphonic and action potentials of 50 to 100 μV amplitude were thus recorded on a continuing basis at the same time that behavioral studies of primate auditory acuity were conducted.     

Assessment of ether anesthesia in normal and spinal cats using gas--liquid chromatographic analysis of blood

A new gas-liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of diethylether in whole blood. Ether was quantitated by peak area ratio analysis with n-propanol as the internal standard using a flame ionization detector. Blood ether concentrations were determined in cats undergoing inhalational anesthesia by ether in oxygen. In normal spontaneously breathing cats, anesthesia began at ether concentrations of about 0.6 g/l, and respiratory arrest occurred at 2.4 g/l and above. Mean arterial blood pressure was well maintained throughout the entire anesthetic range. In spinal artificially respired animals, mean arterial blood pressure correlated inversely with blood ether concentration. The data suggest that decline in blood pressure may be a useful sign of ether toxicity in spinal cats.     

Iridoid glucosides in fouquieriaceae

From three Fouquieria sp. 12 iridoid glucosides were isolated and identified. Eight of these were structurally related to galioside (monotropein methylester), while four were hydroxy substitution products of deoxyloganin. In three cases the glucoside occurred together with the corresponding 10-O-acetate.