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The pollen grains of 32 species, 1 subspecies and 4 varieties of Vitis and 1 species ofMuscadinia were scanned with Hitachi S-800 scanning electron microscope and described in the present paper. In Vitis, the pollen morphology is found to be valuable for the identification of species,though it is of little significance in supraspecific classification and systematic consideration. The ornamentation of Vitis could be divided into four types: ( 1 ) The pollen grains are oblate or rarelyspheroidal (P/E =0.97 ～ 1.08) in shape, with colpi wide enough to show dense granulae inside.The pollen grains of V. coignetiae Pull. Ex Planch. belong to this type. (2) The pollen grains areprolate to subprolate (P/E = 1.25 ～ 1.76 ), with sparse granulae within the colpi. This type includes l0 species, 1 subspecies and 3 varieties, such as V. hui Cheng etc. (3) The pollen grainsof V. romanetii Roman du Caill. ex Planch. and V. davidii (Roman du Caill. ) Foex. var. ferruginea Merr. et Chun are prolate (P/E= 1.87 ～ 2.1), with colpi narrow and linear-shaped, butrhombic in the equational region. (4) The pollen grains are prolate or perprolate (P/E= 1.30 ～ 2.0), with narrow and linear-shaped colpi. The species with this type of pollen grains are Muscadiniarotundifolia (Michx.) Small and 20 species of Vitis. 相似文献
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用扫描电子显微镜对中国鸡矢藤属(Paederia L.)6种1变种植物的花粉进行观察。结果表明:鸡矢藤属植物的花粉均为单粒,辐射对称,小型或中型,极面观3-裂圆形至钝三角形,赤道面观呈长圆球形或近长球形,具3个萌发沟,无内萌发孔。外壁纹饰网状、细网状或穿孔状,孔边缘具小刺状突起或无。臭鸡矢藤(P.foetida)和白毛鸡矢藤(P.pertomentosa)具有花粉二型现象,其中白毛鸡矢藤(P.pertomentosa)是首次报道。花粉二型现象与花柱二型现象可能没有直接的关联性,与前人的观点一致。推测鸡矢藤属外壁纹饰的可能演化趋势为:穿孔、网状、细网状→粗网状;网眼内无棒状突起→网眼内有棒状突起。鸡矢藤属花粉的外壁纹饰变化较大,且无内萌发孔,是茜草科花粉过渡类型的特征。 相似文献
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The pollen morphology of 19 species and 2 varieties in the genus Ribes Linn. wasexamined under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Pollen grains of the genus are subspheroidal, 15.0-41.67 μm in diameter, more or lesscircular to obtusely quadrangular in outline with all sides slightly concave, or with alternatingconcave sides, or elliptic under SEM, 5-, 6-zonocolporate or 5-, 6-pantoporate. Exineusually thin, 1.0-1.5μm, without visible differentiation between nexine and sexine. Exine ispsilate or sometimes coarsely or finely granular or verrucate.The most important characteristic of pollen in this genus is the presence of a “rugoidArea” (ectoaperture) around the endoaperture under SEM. It is different from the other taxaof Saxifragaceae (s. 1.). Based on the pollen morphology and the external morphological characteristics, the treatment of the genus Ribes as an independent family (i.e. Grossulariaceae)by many taxonomists is reasonable.The pollen grains of the genus can be divided into 4 types from the materials examined:(1) Grossularia-type. ectoaperture colpate, with two endoapertures, exine psilate. (2) Ribes-type:ectoaperture porous or colpate, with one or two endoapertures, exine mostly psilate. (3) Grossularioides-type: ectoaperture porous, circular, small, with one endoaperture, exine verrucate.(4) Berisia-type: ectoaperture porous, subcircular to circular, large, with one endoaperture exine mostly psilate. The observation made by the present authors supports the subdivision ofRibes into the subgenera Grossularia, Ribes, Grossularioides and Berisia by many taxonomistsbased on the other morphological characteristics, and the observation by the present authors isin accordance with this view. Pollen information also shows the close relationships among thefour subgenera and therefore they belong to the same genus — Ribes. 相似文献
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以APGⅢ定义的川续断目(Dipsacales)忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)和五福花科(Adoxaceae)为研究对象,基于已有的川续断目分子系统树和花粉形态数据,分析了忍冬科25属和五福花科5属的花粉形态多样性,采用简约法(Fitch Parsimony)推测花粉祖征和演化式样,寻找共衍征和分类性状.选择花粉萌发孔数目、萌发孔类型、花粉形状、大小和外壁纹饰五个关键性状推断了其演化式样.研究表明:三孔沟、近球形、较小花粉、网状纹饰是川续断目花粉祖征.长球型、中等和较大花粉,以及刺状纹饰是忍冬科的共衍征,支持忍冬科和科下分支为单系群.忍冬科花粉刺状纹饰和五福花科花粉网状纹饰明显将两个科区分开来.通过追溯性状演化分析,支持将七子花属(Heptacodium)置于忍冬族(Caprifolieae),以及Zabelia置于刺续断科的观点. 相似文献
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Randall HEPBURN Sarah RADLOF Nikolaus KOENIGER Gudrun KOENIGER Salim TINGEK 《动物学报》2005,51(5):947-951
本研究从采粉工蜂飞行中能量消耗相关的几个方面入手,分析了蜜蜂属(Apis) 8个物种的花粉采集器官。结果表明,花粉筐表面积、翅膀表面积、体重及胸部动力容量与蜂种个体的体长呈极显著相关,并且它们随蜂种个体的增大而呈对数线性比例增加。除意大利蜜蜂(A·mellifera ligustica)以外,花粉团重量与花粉筐和基跗节表面积成线性比例。工蜂负重前后重量的变化与花粉筐和翅膀的表面积不成比例[动物学报51 (5) :947 -951 , 2005]。 相似文献
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A new spiro-bis-γ-lactone glucoside was isolated from the leaves of Viburnum dilatatum and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. 相似文献
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A new acetylated coumarin glucoside has been isolated from the leaves of Viburnum suspensum and determined as 2′,6′-O-diacetylscopolin on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. 相似文献
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The pollen morphology of 11 species and 1 variety in the genus Lespedeza and itsallied genera (Campylotropis, Kummerowia) from NE China was examined under light andscanning electron microscopes. 1. Lespedeza Michx. (plate 1:1-6; 2:1-6; 3:1-6; 4:1-2) Pollen grains prolate, rarely subprolate or spheroidal, elliptic or rarely suborbicular in equatorial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, tricolporate, colpus margins smooth or jagged. Polaraxis 20.7-33.1μm long, equatorial axis 15.4-20.9 μm long. Exine reticulate or foveolate, lumina verrucose or smooth under SEM. 2. Campylotropis Bge. (plate 4:3-4) One species in NE China, C. macrocarpa (Bge.) Rehd. Pollen grains prolate, elliptic inequatorial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, 3-colporate, colpus linear, 25.1μm long, 1.79μmbroad, colpus margins jagged, with a series of verrucae equal in size along one side visibleunder SEM. Polar axis 19.7μm long, equatorial axis 14.6μm long. Exine reticulate, luminanearly rounded, verrucose at periphery under SEM. 3. Kummerowia Schindl. (plate 4:5-6) Pollen grains spheroidal, oblate or prolate, elliptic in equatorial view, obtuse-triangular inpolar view, tricolporate, colups linear, 25.1μm long, 2.01μm broad, colpus margins sinuate.Polar axis 24.7-27.9μm long, equatorial axis 19.7-26.6μm long. Exine reticulate or subreticulate, lumina nearly rounded, with verrocae visible under SEM. According to the pollen morphology of Lespedeza and its allied genera, the division ofLespedeza (s. lat.) into Lespedeza (S. str.), Campylotropis and Kummarowia by Schindler (1912)is reasonable. The subdivision of Lespedeza (s. str.) into Sect. Macrolespedeza and Sect. Lespedeza by many botanists, and the treatment of Lespedeze juncea (L. f.) Pers. var. inschanicaMaxim. as an independent species (i.e. Lespedeza inschanics (Maxim). Schindl.) are also supported by the pollen morphology shown in the present work. 相似文献
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Phytochemical research on the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. led to the isolation of 15 compounds, including nine terpenoids (1–9), three phenylpropanoid glycosides (10–12), two alkyl glycosides (13–14) and an alkaloid (15). The structures of these compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with data from previous literatures. Among them, eleven compounds (2–5, 8, 10 and 11–15) were reported from the genus Lonicera for the first time and compounds 3, 4, 5, 10 and 11–15 were firstly reported from the family Caprifoliaceae. Network analysis was carried out to explore the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds for L. japonica in this study. 相似文献
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A new phenol alloside, p-hydroxyphenyl β-D-alloside, has been isolated from the leaves of Viburnum wrightii in addition to several known compounds. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. 相似文献
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One of the major aims of pollination ecology has been to understand the role and relative importance of different pollinator species in both natural and agricultural systems. This study explores how the quantity of pollen delivered in a single visit to a stigma (SVD) differs across insect species from a wide range of taxa (Orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera) and assesses the morphological and behavioural traits that lead to differences in pollen delivery. We used oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus L.), an economically important crop with open self-fertile flowers, as a test system. Behavioural traits and SVD were measured in the field for individuals of all frequent flower-visiting species of OSR. Individuals were collected and morphological traits were measured in the laboratory. The quantities of free pollen on different body parts of flower visitors, or ‘pollen load’, were also measured. Behavioural and morphological traits were then assessed as predictors of SVD. The individuals that delivered most pollen were (in order of greatest median number of pollen grains delivered): bumblebees (Bombus spp.), mining bees (Andrenidae) and honeybees (Apis mellifera). However, all but one family of flies tested delivered a significantly greater median number of pollen grains than the control, and most delivered more than sweat bees (Halictidae). Behavioural and morphological traits were important in determining pollen delivery, with greater body length, hairiness and visit duration all resulting in greater SVD. Pollen load was measured for a proportion of individuals and we found that for momentary flower visits, a greater quantity of pollen on the head of the flower visitor was linked to a greater SVD. This study demonstrates that, while bees are important pollinators in this system, many fly taxa are also effective at delivering pollen and this is linked to morphological and behavioural traits found in both groups. 相似文献
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为了解我国常用桉树树种的亲缘关系,利用扫描电镜观察7种桉属(Eucalyptus)树种的花粉形态。结果表明,粗皮桉(E.pellita)、窿缘桉(E. exserta)的7个花粉性状大多处于前2位,其中粗皮桉花粉的赤道面长、宽和面积最大,分别为17.522、17.090μm和300.830μm~2,而窿缘桉花粉的萌发沟长、宽和大小最大,分别为6.576、0.720μm和4.718μm~2;赤桉(E. camaldulensis)花粉的赤道面最小,韦塔桉(E.wetarensis)花粉的萌发沟最小。聚类分析表明,在信息保留87.5%时,7树种可以分为3组,粗皮桉和窿缘桉聚在一组,韦塔桉和巨桉(E. grandis)聚在一组,其余聚在一组。粗皮桉、窿缘桉的花粉外壁纹饰较光滑,细叶桉(E. tereticornis)和赤桉属常规,尾叶桉(E. urophylla)、韦塔桉和巨桉较粗糙。从花粉形态分析,粗皮桉和窿缘桉的亲缘关系较近,韦塔桉、尾叶桉的亲缘关系较远,细叶桉、赤桉和巨桉的亲缘关系与传统分类结果一致。因此,7种桉树花粉形态反映了一些新的亲缘关系,对桉树的杂交育种有指导意义。 相似文献
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From the methanol extract of the leaves of Viburnum phlebotrichum, a new bitter monoterpene glucoside has been isolated in addition to three known 相似文献
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温州六道木Abelia spathulata Sieb. &; Zucc.原来被认为特产于日本, 最近发现也分布在我国浙江省永嘉县四海山。温州六道木与糯米条A. chinensis R. Brown的亲缘关系最近, 但温州六道木聚伞花序仅2花, 生于小枝顶端; 花冠白色或粉红色, 长2-3 cm, 钟状, 裂片二唇形; 雄蕊不伸出花冠筒外。糯米条聚伞花序多花, 集生于小枝顶部叶腋成圆锥花序状; 花冠白色, 长0.5-1 cm, 漏斗状, 裂片近辐射对称; 雄蕊显著伸出花冠筒外。 相似文献
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忍冬科(狭义)植物地理及其对认识东亚植物区系的意义 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
本文所谓狭义的忍冬科,包含4族、12属即忍冬族(忍冬属、鬼吹箫属),北极花族(毛核属,糯米条属、六道木属、北极花属、双盾木属、猬实属、七子花属),锦带花族(德维花属、锦带花属)和莛子？族(莛子？属)。基于它们的分布、化石资料和以木本为主的特性,忍冬科可认为是一个古老的科,可能起源于晚白垩纪或早第三纪。又基于以下事实：在东亚糯米条属、莛子？属和锦带花属中,可见到一系列的系统发育列;东亚特有的七子花属,是联系忍冬族和北极花族的一个中间纽带;东亚不但有较高比例的古特有属,还有一些新特有属;由此,我们认为东亚是该科的多样化中心。在化石和细胞学资料不充分的情况下,我们仅根据三个主要特征,如属的系统位置是否孤立,与近缘属的分布区是否间断及属内的分化类型的多寡和种间的区别是否明显,试图将6个东亚特有属归为三类：七子花属、双盾木属和猬实属作为古特有属,锦带花属作为活化了的古特有属,六道木属和鬼吹箫属作为新特有属。 相似文献
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The Caprifoliaceae s. str. as here defined consists of 4 tribes and 12 genera:Caprifolieae (Lonicera, Leycesteria), Linnaeeae (Symphoricarpos, Abelia, Zabelia, Linnaea, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, Heptacodium ), Diervilleae (Diervilla, Weigela ), Triosteae (Triosteum). Based on chorology, fossil records and dominant woody habit, the family may be considered as a fairly old one and probably originated in the Late Cretaceous or the Early Tertiary. In the light of facts, such as a number of phylogenetic series of Abelia, Triosteum and Weigela occurring in east Asia, Heptacodium, endemic to East Asia, as a link between the tribe Caprifolieae and the tribe Linnaeeae, and existence in East Asia of a high percentage of both palaeoendemic genera and some neoendemics, East Asia seems to be the centerof diversity of the family. Six Eastern Asiatic endemic genera might be grouped under three categories, Heptacodium, Dipelta and Kolkwitzia as palaeoendemics, Weigela as active epibiotics, and Zabelia and Leycesteria as neoendemics. The above inferences are made only on the basis of three main attributes, systematic position of genera isolated or not, their geographical distribution continuous or discontinuous with the closest relatives and the degree of diversification of forms or distinction between species within a genus, without consideration of insufficient fossil records and cytological data. 相似文献