高粱NADP苹果酸脱氢酶的纯化及其分子特性

用Sephadex G-100柱和制备性等电聚焦电泳纯化了高梁叶片NADP苹果酸脱氢酶,得到电泳均一的酶制剂,酶比活力提高350倍。天然酶含有两个分子量为4万D的亚基。动力学研究表明Km(OAA)=31μmol/L:K_m(NADPH)=48 μmol/L;K_m(Mal)=11m mol/L:K_m(NADP)=45μmol/L。NADP为NADPH的竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数K_i=190 μmol/L。 在体外DTT为NADP苹果酸脱氢酶的激活所必需。DTT对该酶的激活受一小分子蛋白、NADP及离子强度所调节。     

空心莲子草K~+吸收的动力学研究

溶液培养120～180天的空心莲子草的最大吸K_+速率为1.8～2.1μmol·g~(-1) FW·h~(-1);K_m值8.0～14.0μM,比一般农作物的都小;开始在体内累积K~+的外液K~+浓度小于0.2μM。空心莲子草在自然土壤和水体环境中能较快地富集钾素。 NH_4~+浓度100μM以上对K~+吸收有显著抑制作用,和对照相比抑制达50％以上,而Na~+则需大于500μM时才对K~+吸收有显著影响。     

鸡蛋果叶片细胞质丙酮酸激酶的部分纯化及其调节性质

鸡蛋果叶片细胞质丙酮酸激酶(PK_c)纯化92.6倍.其最适pH为7.2,对热较稳定。PEP的K_m为0.037 mmol/L,ADP的K_m为0.05 mmol/L。ASP、Asn、Cys、α—酮戊二酸和苹果酸均对PK?有轻微的激活作用,但草酸、ATP、CaCl_2则具强烈的抑制作用。     

小麦幼苗及不同育性花药中P5C还原酶的研究

从小麦幼苗和花药中提取的二氢吡咯-5-羧酸(P5C)还原酶,在可育花药中活性很高,约为幼苗中活性的7～13倍,表明花药有很高的脯氨酸合成能力。从减数分裂期到单核靠边期酶活性逐渐升高,到双核初期明显降低。在不育花药中,减数分裂期酶活性高于可育花药,到单核初期酶活明显下降,仅为可育花药活性的一半。 初步纯化的小麦幼苗P5C还原酶的最适pH为7.2左右。对P5C和NADH的K_m值分别为400μmol/L和370/μmol/L。以NADPH为供氢体,其酶活性为NADH的35％。NADP~+、NAD~+、ATP、ADP对酶活性均有强烈的抑制作用。脯氨酸浓度在10m mol/L以上对酶活有轻微抑制作用。     

花生幼苗下胚轴质膜氧化还原系统

花生幼苗下胚轴细胞膜制剂具有氧化NAD(P)H,还原Fe(CN)_6~(3-)与EDTA-Fe~(3 )的能力,当Fe(CN)_6~(3-)浓度为1mmol/L时,膜制剂氧化NADH和NAD(P)H的K_m分别为100和110μmol/L;V_(max)为1400和710nmol mg~(-1) proteinmin~(-1),最适pH为8.0。NADH 0.25 mmol/L浓度下,膜制剂还原Fe(CN)_6~(3-)的K_m为40,V_(max)为1300;还原EDTA-Fe~(3 )的K_m为125,V_(max)为180,最适pH分别为8.0与7.0。氧为该系统天然受体,鱼藤酮、抗霉素A与CN~-对其活性无影响,10μmol/L的DCCD抑制其活性约20％,10μmol/L的SHAM抑制近50％活性。     

PEP羧激酶测定过程中影响草酰乙酸溶液稳定性的几个因素

草酰乙酸（OAA）是PEP羧激酶（PEPCK）和苹果酸脱氢酶可逆催化反应的底物或产物，也是PEP核化酶的反应产物。然而OAA在溶液中可以酮式和烯酸式两种互变异构体及其水合物形式存在，而只有酮式OAA才能作为酶的底物[1，2，5]。同时，OAA很容易通过非酶促脱羧反应而降解[4]。OAA的这种多型性和不稳定性，往往导致以它为底物或产物的酶类活性测定值偏低。作PEPCK脱按活性测定时，所用的OAA溶液皆需规配现用，并在起动反应时作OAA非酶促脱波速率的校正。然而，实验过程中OAA浓度往往随时间而下降，使反应系统中OAA水平出现明显…     

大肠杆菌苹果酸合酶A的酶学和生理功能研究

苹果酸合酶是乙醛酸循环的关键酶之一。E.coli中苹果酸合酶A(malate synthase A,MSA)由aceB基因编码。根据E.coli基因组序列设计引物,利用PCR技术扩增aceB基因,并将其克隆入pET-29b(+),构建了重组表达质粒pET-MSA。经IPTG诱导,MSA在E.coliRosetta(DE3)中获得高效表达。纯化的MSA蛋白的分子量大小约为60 kDa,最适反应pH值和最适温度分别是pH值8.0、30℃。纯化的蛋白质在Mg2+存在时才能发挥最大的活性,其对乙酰辅酶A的Km和Vmax分别是8.07μM和3.6μM/min。此外构建了MSA和苹果酸合酶G(MSG)基因敲除菌株MG::ΔaceB和MG::ΔaceBΔglcB。研究发现缺少MSA的E.coli突变菌株在乙酸中的生长速率要比野生型菌株慢很多,表明MSA对大肠杆菌在乙酸中的生长起着重要作用。MSG虽然能部分补偿MSA的作用,但是包含MSA的乙醛酸旁路是更有效的乙醛酸代谢途径。     

高粱和小麦叶片苹果酸酶某些特性比较

比较高粱和小麦叶片的苹果酸酶的某些特性。发现高粱苹果酸酶对NADP-是专一的,未观测到NAD-苹果酸酶的活力。高粱叶片的NADP-苹果酸酶的最适pH随底物浓度不同而异;在0.5 mM苹果酸浓度下酶的最适pH是7.0～7.5,在1 mM和10 mM浓度下最适pH各为7.5～8.0和8.0～8.5,其中以底物浓度10 mM的活性最高。小麦苹果酸酶也具有类似的效应;但与高粱相比较活性较低。两种不同来源的苹果酸酶在动力学特性上有明显的差异,小麦叶片NADP-苹果酸酶的Km(苹果酸)值1.3比高粱大3.4倍。pH、Mg~(++)、Mn~(++)和苹果酸对高粱叶片NADP-苹果酸酶活力具有不同程度的调节作用;在不同pH条件下Mg~(++)、Mn~(++)对高粱叶片NADP-苹果酸酶表现出不同程度的协同性。Mg~(++)、Mn~(++)的亲和力随pH的升高而增大。而对小麦叶片NADP-苹果酸酶活性几乎无多大影响。在我们所试验的浓度下乙酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、葡萄糖-6-磷酸、果糖1-6二磷酸、琥珀酸以及延胡索酸对高粱NADP-苹果酸酶活性无影响。     

十字花科黑腐病菌中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的酶学分析

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶是磷酸戊糖途径(HMP)的限速酶,在十字花科黑腐病菌8004的基因组中,有2个基因XC1977和XC4082被注释为葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)。前期工作发现XC1977突变后,细胞的胞外多糖产量明显降低,而XC4082突变不影响胞外多糖产量。为明确这两个基因的编码产物在Xcc中的生化功能,本工作表达纯化了这两个蛋白,并对这两个蛋白的特征进行分析,发现这两个蛋白均具有6-葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性,但是它们的最适反应温度、最适反应pH、金属离子和烷化剂的敏感性完全不同。而且,XC1977以NAD~+和NADP~+为电子受体,而XC4082只能以NADP~+为电子受体。在以NAD~+和NADP~+为受体时,XC1977的K_m值分别为0.125 mmol/L和0.927 mmol/L,而XC4082以NADP~+为受体时的K_m值为0.364 mmol/L。这表明Xcc细胞合成胞外多糖时,需要NAD~+参与能量代谢。     

浙江产眼镜蛇蛇毒胆碱酯酶的研究 Ⅱ.酶学性质与生物毒性

浙江眼镜蛇蛇毒胆碱酯酶具有乙酰胆碱酯酶的特征,有以下几点事实:1.乙酰胆碱酯是酶的最适底物;2.过量底物抑制酶活性;3.BW_(62)C_(47)、BW_(284)C_(51)是典型的真性酶抑制剂,对蛇毒胆碱酯酶也同样具有抑制作用。眼镜蛇蛇毒胆碱酯酶最适pH为7.5(0.1M磷酸缓冲液)。反应5分钟时的最适温度在38～39℃,K_m值是1.25×10~(-4)M。稀酶溶液不稳定,在0.1%白明胶中可保护酶活力。原蛇毒和纯化后的胆碱酯酶的底物抑制图形和K_m值是类似的,这说明纯化过程中酶没有矫变。蛇毒中的胆碱酯酶被多种有机磷化合物如二异丙基磷酰氟、敌敌畏、对氧磷所抑制。一些氨基甲酸酯和含季铵盐的化合物也表现有抑制。浙江眼镜蛇毒有较大的毒性,小白鼠腹腔注射最小致死剂量是0.88微克/克,用亲和层析分离除去胆碱酯酶后仍保留有蛇毒的毒性,最小致死剂量是0.77微克/克,纯化的胆碱酯酶含7.5微克/克蛋白,动物未致死,说明蛇毒的主要毒性并不是胆碱酯酶。     

THERMAL SENSITIVITIES OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN TYPHA

Two species of cattail. Typha latifolia L. and T. domingensis Pers., occur naturally along the shoreline of Par Pond, an 1,128 ha impoundment subjected to intermittent thermal stress at the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina. T. domingensis is not tolerant of the stresses imposed at the hottest section of this lake. Typha latifolia is established throughout the lake but at the hottest section displays an altered morphology compared with stands from ambient areas. Both T. latifolia and T. domingensis are electrophoretically monomorphic, and no variation in isozyme expression in ten enzyme systems was recorded in populations from Par Pond. The malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme patterns for T. latifolia and T. domingensis are identical, but their thermal sensitivities differ sharply. All six major T. domingensis MDH isozymes are denatured by heating at 50 C; whereas, T. latifolia has three isozymes which are stable at 50 C and three isozymes which are denatured at this temperature. Tests of thermal stability are more useful than measurements of electrophoretic mobility in detecting enzyme differences and a possible biochemical basis for differences in thermal tolerance in these natural populations.     

斯氏并殖吸虫乳酸脱氢酶,苹果酸脱氢酶及酯酶同工酶的研究

本文采用Disc-PAGE电泳,首次对我国独有的斯氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimus skrjabini Chen,1959)成虫、童虫、囊蚴的乳酸脱氢酶(以下简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(以下简称MDH)和酯酶(以下简称EST)同工酶进行了研究。 在成虫、童虫、囊蚴间,LDH、MDH、EST同工酶在酶带数、排列型式、Rf值、相对活性和优势酶带的位置都存在差异。 根据虫体和宿主组织同工酶谱的不同,可以认为是本虫本身所具有。 同工酶作为其分类指标时,不仅要比较不同虫种成虫稳定的同工酶谱,也要比较同工酶在个体发育型式间的差异。     

KINETIC AND MOLECULAR MODELING OF NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE INHIBITION OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE

ABSTRACT

We studied the inhibition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) by the nucleotides cAMP, AMP, ADP, ATP. The experimental kinetic studies showed that the nucleotides were competitive inhibitors and that cAMP was probably the most potent inhibitor. To explain these observations, we used molecular modeling to determine the location, orientation, and relative binding energy of the nucleotides to mMDH. The order of the calculated binding energies, from lowest (most favorable) to highest, was cAMP, AMP, ADP, and ATP, which corresponded somewhat to the order of the experimentally determined inhibition constants.     

臭鼩酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的电泳研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶薄层(o.5毫米)等电聚焦电泳分析了臭鼩(Suncus m．murinus) 心肌、骨骼肌、肾脏、脾脏、肝脏和脑6种组织器官的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明臭鼩6种组织的酯酶同工酶分别具有11—24条酶带,存在着明显的组织特异性。实验还发现其酯酶同工酶存在异型酶。臭鼩6种组织的苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶则未发现存在明显的组织特异性。     

CHANGES IN THE LACTATE AND MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYME PATTERNS OF CHICKEN EMBRYO BRAIN AND RETINA

Abstract— Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns of chicken brain and retina have been investigated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, during embryonic and post-hatching development. The proportion of M-type lactate dehydrogenase subunits decreases significantly in brain and retina with development. A marked increase in the H-type subunits is observed in retina. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution appears to change in both organs in parallel with the metabolic changes of differentiation.
Malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns do not reveal any consistent change of the ratio between the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms.     

低温对不同耐寒力的黄瓜幼苗子叶的各细胞器中NAD~+-苹果酸脱氢酶的影响

NAD~+-MDH在黄瓜子叶中的定位是细胞溶质中占总活性的55～59％,线粒体为38～35％,叶绿体为7％。其同工酶谱亦为细胞溶质中带数最多,全青为5条,粤早3号为4条,线粒体和叶绿体均为1条,品种间无明显差异。黄瓜幼苗随低温胁迫的加剧,伤害逐步加重,子叶电解质渗出率明显增加,NAD~+-MDH活性亦不断下降,其中叶绿体的NAD~+-MDH对低温最敏感,1±1℃处理就能反映品种间耐寒力的差异。叶绿体和线粒体的NAD~+-MDH同工酶对低温的反应与活性变化一致,谱带数没有差异,只是活性降低。细胞溶质部分酶带较多,各条酶带对低温的反应不同。     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND DAYLENGTH ON PEROXIDASE AND MALATE (NAD) DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYME COMPOSITION IN TOBACCO LEAF EXTRACTS

Tobacco plants were grown in controlled-environment chambers with night/day temperatures of 10/15 C., 20/25 C., and 30/35 C., and with light durations of 6 hr, 12 hr, and 18 hr. Peroxidases and malate (NAD) dehydrogenases were extracted from green leaf tissue and analyzed for isozyme patterns by disc electrophoresis. A total of 18 anodic peroxidase bands were distinguishable—each alteration in a single environmental variable producing a different isozyme profile. Malate (NAD) dehydrogenase isozyme profiles resulting from each environmental condition exhibited at least four major components, but differences in daylength and temperature conditions changed the relative banding intensities and shifted migration rates of some bands. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed.     

Determination of NAD Malic Enzyme in Leaves of C(4) Plants : EFFECTS OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE AND OTHER FACTORS

Malate dehydrogenase may interfere with the assay of NAD malic enzyme, as NADH is formed during the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. During the present study, two additional effects of malate dehydrogenase were investigated; they are evident only if the malate dehydrogenase reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium prior to initiating the malic enzyme reaction. One of these (Outlaw, Manchester 1980 Plant Physiol 65: 1136-1138) might cause an underestimation of NAD reduction by malic enzyme due to the oxidation of NADH during reversal of the malate dehydrogenase reaction. A second effect may result in overestimation of malic enzyme activity, as Mn²⁺-catalyzed oxaloacetate decarboxylation causes continuing net NADH formation via malate dehydrogenase. These effects were studied by assaying the activity of a partially purified preparation of Amaranthus retroflexus NAD malic enzyme in the presence or absence of purified NAD malate dehydrogenase.     

秦岭地区大林姬鼠的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)心、肝、脾、肾和腿肌的 α-酯酶,β-酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明3种同工酶的活性在5种器官组织中均有明显差异,其中以肝组织的酯酶活性最高,不同器官组织的酶谱也有明显差别,如脾的β一酯酶仅有B区带,同一器官组织通常以α-酯酶活性高于β-酯酶。苹果酸脱氢酶在碱性溶液中染色,肝组织有明显的AB医。心肌与腿肌的苹果酸脱氢酶活性略高于其他组织。