吲哚丁酸处理桉树插条后过氧化物酶活性和同工酶变化与插条生根的关系

尾叶桉MLA无性系（简称MLA）为难生根植物,属叶桉U6无性系（简称6）和刚果12号桉W5无性系（简称W5）为相对易生根植物。MLA的插条中的过氧化物酶（POD）活性较U6、W5的高。用吲哚丁酸（IBA）处理桉树的插条后,在扦插生根的不同阶段,插条内的POD活性呈现规律性的变化。蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。POD同工酶谱带也随生根的进程出现增多的现象。本文讨论了过氧化物酶与桉树插条生根的关系。     

少花龙葵与黄果龙葵染色体核型分析

利用DAPI显带技术对少花龙葵和黄果龙葵染色体进行了核型分析。结果表明,少花龙葵染色体数目为24,为二倍体,核型公式为K(2n)=24=6sm+18m;黄果龙葵染色体数目为48,为四倍体,核型公式为K(4n)=48=48m,并进一步构建了这两个种的核型模式图。此外,还初步探讨了染色体的DAPI带型及其异染色质的分布。为中国龙葵的系统分类和进化趋向研究,以及育种和资源的开发利用提供帮助。     

少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。     

吲哚丁酸对桉树插条多酚氧化酶的影响及其与生根的关系

尾叶桉MLA无性系(简称MLA)为难生根植物,尾叶桉U6无性系(简称U6)和刚果12号桉W5无性系(简称W5)为易生根植物。MLA插条内的PPO活性比U6、W5的低。用吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理桉树的插条后,在扦插生根的不同阶段,插条内的PPO活性呈现规律性的变化。蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。PPO同工酶谱带也随生根的进程出现增多现象。讨论了多酚氧化酶与桉树插条生根的关系。     

柃木插条生根的解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片法对柃木（Eurya japonica Thunb．）插条不定根的形成进行了解剖学研究。观察结果表明,柃木插条不定根原始体为诱生根原始体;不定根原基起源于维管形成层与髓射线的交叉区域。插条的韧皮部存在较连续的排列成环状的厚壁纤维细胞,茎内无生根原基。柃木插条的这些结构特征可能与柃木插条生根率低有关。     

少花龙葵种子萌发特性及其果汁对小白菜种子萌发的影响

对少花龙葵的成熟果实采用3种采种方式,于室内测定水分、温度、光照条件对不同采种方式所得种子的发芽影响,并就少花龙葵的果汁对小白菜种子萌发的影响进行分析.结果表明:(1)少花龙葵种子于25℃恒温下浸种8 h后吸水达到饱和,其适宜发芽温度为20℃～25℃,萌发受黑暗抑制;(2)3种采种方式中以捣烂果实后种子不从果实取出并不清洗而直接晾干的采留种方式最佳;(3)少花龙葵果汁原液和其5～10倍稀释液抑制广东小白菜种子发芽,20～50倍稀释液则促进其萌发,表明少花龙葵果汁具有化感效应.     

绿豆插条生根过程中内源激素含量变化

绿豆插条离体后其IAA含量出现一个峰值,乙烯利处理的IAA峰值出现在第6小时,未经乙烯利处理的出现在第12小时,与插条生根峰出现时间相符.乙烯利处理与否的插条生根过程中,内源GA3含量在0～30h内呈下降趋势,随后略微上升;内源ABA含量先升后降;细胞分裂素ZT和ZR含量在总体上是下降的.     

对“探索生长素类似物促进插条生根的最适浓度”实验改进的研究

在"探索生长素类似物促进插条生根的最适浓度"的探究实验教学中,禀承有效性、直观性、真实性、可操作性和有利于课堂教学目标顺利达成的原则,用大蒜作为材料对此实验进行了有效改进,并对探究过程进行了初步研究,取得了较好效果。     

黄腐酸对葡萄插条生根的影响（简报）

用0、100、200、400、800mg／L黄腐酸溶液浸泡巨峰而萄插条12h后催粮月余,其生根数、根长和芽的生长量都有增加。对穿的影响比根小,因而根／冠比值增加。     

Effects of mutual grafting on the cadmium accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes of Solanum photeinocarpum

Abstract

The effects of mutual grafting on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes (farmland and mining) of the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum were studied through a pot experiment for one month. Four treatments were used in the experiment: ungrafted farmland ecotype (F-CK), ungrafted mining ecotype (M-CK), the farmland ecotype as the scion grafted onto rootstocks of the mining ecotype (F-Scion), and the mining ecotype as the scion grafted onto rootstocks of the farmland ecotype (M-Scion). Mutual grafting increased the rootstock biomass of both S. photeinocarpum ecotypes. However, mutual grafting decreased the scion biomass of F-Scion compared with F-CK and M-CK, and the scion biomass of M-Scion was higher than that of M-CK and lower than that of F-CK. The Cd content in the rootstock of M-Scion increased compared with F-CK, and the Cd content in the rootstock of F-Scion increased compared with M-CK, but mutual grafting decreased the Cd content in scions of both S. photeinocarpum ecotypes. Mutual grafting increased Cd extraction by rootstocks of both S. photeinocarpum ecotypes, but decreased extraction by scions. Therefore, mutual grafting can increase Cd accumulation in S. photeinocarpum rootstocks but not increase Cd accumulation in S. photeinocarpum scions in a short period.     

少花龙葵毛状根的诱导和次生代谢物的产生

研究了发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes)对少花龙葵（Solanum photeinocarpum)的转化和毛状根的诱导,分析了影响转化的因素,并初步检测了毛状根的生长和次生代谢物的产生。发根农杆菌菌株R1000、R1601分别感染少花龙葵的叶片、茎段,约7d后得到毛状根。菌株R1000感染的外植体的生根率分别为90．2％和50．0％,根诱导频率分别为6．2和4．6;菌体R1601感染的外植体的生根率分别为92．1％和49．2％,根诱导频率分别为6和5．5;对照两周内不出根。冠瘿碱检测证实所得毛状根为转化根。感染在MS＋PP333培养基上生长的矮壮苗叶片,毛状根诱导频率显著提高;用MS液体培养基稀释1倍的菌液感染叶片,转化效率也得到提高。毛状根生长速度快,培养4周后干重增加420倍,总糖苷生物碱和皂甙含量分别为原植株根的31和107倍。     

4,4,4-三氟-3-(吲哚-3-)丁酸和吲哚丁酸对水稻和莴苣幼苗种子根长度及侧根原基发生的影响

适宜浓度的TFIBA 显著促进了莴苣和水稻初生种子根的伸长生长,抑制了水稻种子根侧根原基的发生,但对莴苣侧根原基的发生无任何作用,对根顶端优势的调控与IBA相反.     

Quantitation of endogenous levels of IAA,IAAsp and IBA in micro-propagated shoots of hybrid chestnut pre-treated with IBA

Endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were measured during the first 8 d of in vitro rooting of rootstock from the chestnut ‘M3’ hybrid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rooting was induced either by dipping the basal ends of the shoots into a 4.92-mM IBA solution for 1 min or by sub-culturing the shoots on solid rooting medium supplemented with 14.8-μM IBA for 5 d. For root development, the induced shoots were transferred to auxin-free solid medium. Auxins were measured in the apical and basal parts of the shoots by means of HPLC. Endogenous levels of IAA and IAAsp were found to be greater in IBA-treated shoots than in control shoots. In extracts of the basal parts of the shoots, the concentration of free IAA showed a significant peak 2 d after either root inductive method and a subsequent gradual decrease for the remainder of the time course. The concentration of IAAsp peaked at day 6 in extracts of the basal parts of shoots induced with 14.8-μM IBA for 5 d, whereas shoots induced by dipping showed an initial increase until day 2 and then remained stable. In extracts from basal shoot portions induced by dipping, IBA concentration showed a transient peak at day 1 and a plateau between day 2 and 4, in contrast to the profile of shoots induced on auxin-containing medium, which showed a significant reduction between 4 and 6 d after transferred to auxin-free medium. All quantified auxins remained at a relatively low level, virtually constant, in extracts from apical shoot portions, as well as in extracts from control non-rooting shoots. In conclusion, the natural auxin IAA is the signal responsible for root induction, although it is driven by exogenous IBA independently of the adding conditions.     

IBA与NAA对桃金娘扦插繁殖的影响

采用二元二次回归通用旋转组合设计,探讨植物生长调节剂IBA、NAA对桃金娘Rhodomyrtus tomentosa扦插生根的影响。结果显示,适宜浓度的IBA和NAA有利于桃金娘的扦插生根,IBA对生根率、根长和根重的影响更为明显。最佳浓度组合为IBA、NAA各100 mg·L~(-1),用该组合处理插条,可有效地提高扦插繁殖的成活率及幼苗质量。     

IBA和ABT对曼地亚红豆杉插穗生根的影响

红豆杉属(Taxus Linn.)植物为红豆杉科(Taxaceae)常绿乔木或灌木.由于红豆杉属植物含有的紫杉醇(taxol)等活性化合物对卵巢癌、乳腺癌效果显著,因而资源需求量剧增,导致野生资源遭到毁灭性破坏.     

植物生长调节剂对鹿角杜鹃扦插繁殖的影响

以腐殖土为基质,研究了5种植物生长调节剂的4个浓度处理、以及萘乙酸(NAA)不同浓度与浸泡时间处理对鹿角杜鹃(Rhododendron latoucheae)当年生枝条扦插繁殖12个育苗指标的影响及各指标间的相关性,并运用隶属函数法对各处理组合的育苗效果进行了综合评价。结果表明:5种生长调节剂中,赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理在大部分育苗指标上表现良好,为鹿角杜鹃扦插育苗的理想调节剂,吲哚乙酸(IAA)效果次之,6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、NAA处理的育苗指标表现较差;4个浓度水平上,愈伤率、腐烂率及老叶留存率总体以低浓度处理最佳,随着浓度升高效果下降;其它9个指标对浓度的响应因生长调节剂种类而异。各指标相关性分析发现,4个根系生长指标,即不定根数、最长不定根长、总根数及根系直径之间呈极显著正相关,但它们与愈伤率、腐烂率、生根率及老叶留存率、新梢率间的相关性较弱。隶属函数综合评价表明,50 mg/L GA3处理为鹿角杜鹃扦插育苗的最佳组合,其次为100 mg/L GA3和400 mg/L IBA处理。本研究为杜鹃花产业化育苗提供了科学依据。     

醋栗番茄Solanum pimpinellifolium遗传多样性分析

野生种醋栗番茄包含丰富的变异,具有众多优良性状。本研究对从世界不同地区收集的433份醋栗番茄遗传资源进行了表型鉴定及遗传多样性分析。表型鉴定结果表明,在收集的433份醋栗番茄中约有14%为樱桃番茄,370份典型醋栗番茄中约22%的材料存在不同程度的分离。群体变异分析表明,不同性状间变异系数存在较大差异,其中柱头变异系数最大,为56.716%;花瓣数遗传稳定,变异系数最小,为2.082%;相关分析表明,多个性状间存在显著相关性;利用表型和基因型数据聚类均将醋栗番茄群体划分为两大类群;主成分分析表明,坐果率、单果重、可溶性固形物对变异的贡献率较大。研究结果将为利用醋栗番茄进行栽培种番茄遗传改良奠定一定的基础。     

两种野生花卉的扦插繁殖研究

开展野生花卉车轮梅(Raphiolepis indica)和赤楠(Syzygium buxifolium)扦插试验,结果表明:车轮梅硬枝扦插需一定浓度的外源激素方能生根;对激素浓度大小不敏感;总体上NAA组合生根质量优于IBA组合。综合不同处理生根率、根数和不定根根长3个指标,以800 mg/L NAA或800 mg/L IBA作为车轮梅生产上扦插的激素种类和浓度。赤楠生根率较低,最高扦插率达66.7%,生根时间长,约需45 d始生根。综合生根率、不定根根数和不定根根长3个生根指标,试验的4种激素均能较好促进赤楠生根,200×根太阳在生根率和根数上效果最好,生产上可用200×根太阳浸泡2 h,也可用50-100 mg/L NAA或100-400 mg/L IBA浸泡2 h后进行扦插。