Change of Freezing Resistance and Retention of Metabolic and Differentiation Potentials in Cultured Green Lavandula vera Cells Which Survived Repeated Freeze-thaw Procedures

Cryostorage is one suitable method to preserve various desired types of cells. However, all cells do not survive after storage in liquid nitrogen. This suggests the possibility that the properties of the cells which survive after the storage differ from those of the unfrozen original cells.

Therefore, we did the same freeze-thaw procedure of cultured green Lavandula vera cells over again and compared the metabolic and the differentiation potentials of the cells which survived after the repeated freeze-thaw procedures with those of the unfrozen original cells. The results we found were that the frequency of colony formation of the cells which survived after the procedures was high, but that the biosynthetic capability for biotin and the differentiation potentials such as chloroplast formation and plantlet formation of the cells were equal to those of the unfrozen original cells. Cryostorage of cells in liquid nitrogen is discussed in terms of the preservation of various desired types of cells.     

Selection of Variants with High Levels of Biotin from Cultured Green Lavandula vera Cells Irradiated with Gamma Rays

Cultured green Lavandula vera cells were irradiated with variousdosages of gamma rays which increased the variation in the amountof free biotin produced by the cell clones. Variant sublinescontaining much more free biotin than the original line wereobtained by repeated selection. The effectiveness of gamma raysfor the induction of the variant sublines is described. (Received June 2, 1982; Accepted September 14, 1982)     

黄山药愈伤组织诱导与分化

采用黄山药野生植株作为外植体,试验了不同激素处理对黄山药愈伤组织的诱导、分化影响,结果表明：不同的外植体的诱导率差别较大,叶片的诱导率最高,最高达到85．7％,茎段的诱导率较低,平均诱导率仅10％左右。以叶片作为外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基配方为MS 2,4-D2．0mg／L 6-BA2．5mg／L;愈伤组织分化生芽的最佳配方为MS BA1．0mg／L NAA0．5mg／L 蔗糖2％ pH6．4;愈伤组织分化生根的最佳配方诱MS BA1．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L 蔗糖3％ pH6．80。     

Entrapment of Lavandula vera cells with synthetic resin prepolymers and its application to pigment production

Summary Cultured cells of Lavandula vera were entrapped with photosensitive synthetic resin prepolymers (PVA-SbQ). PVA-SbQ-entrapped cells grew well inside gel matrices and synthesized de novo blue pigments in the presence of l-cysteine as an inducer. The entrapped cells were superior to calcium alginate-entrapped cells judging from cell growth and total pigment productivity. Release of the pigments, which were almost insoluble in water, from the gels was markedly enhanced by the increase in hydrophilicity of the cell-entrapping gels. The entrapped cells could be used repeatedly for the pigment production.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Georg Manecke on occasion of his 70th birthday     

Release of rosmarinic acid by Lavandula vera MM cell suspension in two-phase culture systems

Studies were conducted on the cultivation of Lavandula vera MM cell suspensions in different culture systems for the release of extracellular rosmarinic acid (RA). It was established that during cultivation with Amberlite XAD-4 as a second phase, 6.4% of the total content of RA was adsorbed. When L. vera MM cell suspension was cultivated in an aqueous two-phase system formed by adding 4% polyethylene glycol (MW 20,000) and 7.5% dextran (MW 70,000), 11.8% of the total RA content was released into the top polyethylene glycol phase.     

Rosmarinic acid production by Lavandula vera MM cell suspension: the effect of temperature

Lavandula vera MM cell suspension, grown at 28 degrees C in a 3-l bioreactor, produced rosmarinic acid maximally at 3 g l(-1)) though most biomass (33.2 g dry wt l(-1)) was at 30 degrees C.     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

以2个小麦品种成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养,研究了不同预处理、不同2,4-D浓度及与KT组合、不同蔗糖浓度等因素对愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响。结果表明:4℃低温预处理可提高愈伤组织的出愈率及再生苗率,2个材料的出愈率及再生苗率均达到90%和30%以上;在不同预处理条件下,2,4-D浓度对出愈率及再生苗率的影响与基因型有关,2,4-D浓度为1~2 mg/L更有利于愈伤组织诱导及分化;附加KT能缓解高浓度2,4-D对再生苗率的抑制作用,而对于在1、2 mg/L 2,4-D的培养基中附加KT则不表现这种作用;蔗糖浓度则在30 g/L条件下更有利于愈伤组织诱导。因此通过4℃低温预处理,在MS基本培养基中附加1~2mg/L 2,4-D及30 g/L蔗糖亦可促进小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和分化。     

Enhancement of pigment productivity of immobilized cultured Lavandula vera cells by limitation of nitrogen sources

Cultured cells of Lavandula vera entrapped with a photosensitive synthetic resin prepolymer (PVA-SbQ) produced blue pigments in the presence of l-cysteine as an inducer. The type of nitrogen sources in the culture medium greatly influenced the production of pigments. In the absence of an ammonium type nitrogen source, the induction of pigment synthesis by l-cysteine was observed in successive batches of the incubation without intermittent activation of the cells in the absence of l-cysteine. The pigment productivity of the entrapped cells was remarkably enhanced in the improved production medium containing potassium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source.     

The influence of phenylalanine on accumulation of rosmarinic and caffeic acids by Lavandula vera MM cell culture

Lavandula vera MM cell suspension culture was grown in Linsmayer-Skoog medium with different concentrations of phenylalanine. Adding phenylalanine to the medium (0.1–0.5 g/l) enhanced accumulation of caffeic acid in parallel with rosmarinic acid. When 0.3 g phenylalanine/l was added, the yield of rosmarinic and caffeic acids reached 87 mg/l and 60 mg/l respectively, compared with 68 mg/l and 4 mg/l in controls (without phenylalanine).     

Shoot Differentiation in Callus Cultures of Datura innoxia

Datura innoxia Mill. callus cultures formed shoots in 2–4 weeks on media containing; a) gibberellic acid, b) indoleacetic acid, c) low concentrations of naphthylacetic acid, d) low concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, e) benzylaminopurine, f) no growth substance. Benzylaminopurine promoted shoot differentiation. Gibberellic acid inhibited shoot formation weakly, but inhibited proper leaf blade formation. Root differentiation was rare. The callus cultures of Datura innoxia grew rapidly (100-fold in 4 weeks) on a slightly modified Murashige and Skoog medium (0.5 mg/l thiamin · HCl, pH 5.5, no glycine) in light at 30°C. Callus grew well on any single one of the growth substances NAA (10^?5M), 2,4-D (10^?6M) or BAP (3 × 10^?6M). Growth was less and more erratic on GA or IAA. The callus cultures did not grow significantly better when BAP was combined with one of the auxins or with GA.     

Effect of DL-Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine Pretreatments in Maize Callus Differentiation

The effect of pretreatments with DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine(DFMO), an irreversible suicide inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) activity, in plant differentiation, polyamine (PA) andamino acid contents of maize callus cultures was investigated.This study indicates that DFMO pretreatments can be used toimprove regenerative response from maize callus cultures. Thesefindings may also be useful in other recalcitrant cultures. (Received June 29, 1992; Accepted December 4, 1992)     

Callus Formation and Differentiation at an Exposed Cambial Surface

The origin of callus from the exposed surface of the cambialzone in Trema orientalis Bl. and Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.)Troupin is described and discussed in relation to what has beenobserved in other species. It is suggested that in differentspecies callus may develop from any of the undifferentiatedcentripetal products of the vascular cambium, but that the kindof tissue contributing to callus initiation depends upon thespecies and on the histology of the cambial zone. The establishment of a new vascular cambium and phellogen isalso described. It is found that cambium formation is not dependenton the presence of a preexisting cambium in the surroundingtissues and that the first-formed xylem is abnormal in structure.     

葶苈愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

为保护野生资源、实现人工栽培,本研究以葶苈(Draba nemorosa)嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养方法进行愈伤组织诱导与分化、不定芽生根与试管苗生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导培养和继代增殖培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L 是愈伤组织分化培养和不定芽继代增殖培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是不定芽生根培养和生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽成活率为86.8%,定植成活率为96.4%;定植苗保持了野生葶苈的植物学性状。     

The effect of growth regulators on shoot propagation and rooting of common lavender (Lavandula vera DC)

Nodal segments from micropropagated plants were used to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on the in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of Lavandula vera DC. The highest multiplication rate was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l^-1 of TDZ (2.25 μM) or BA (2 μM). Hyperhydricity occurred at high concentrations of these growth regulators. Rooting of the plantlets was obtained in all the media evaluated. However, rooting rates and root growth increased with increased concentrations of NAA and the reduction of the salt strength of the media. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity, exhibiting a normal development, with high uniformity and no evidences of somaclonal variation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Alterations of Plasma Membrane Phospholipids in Cultured Lavandula vera Cells Different in Cryoprotection by a Cryoprotectant Treatment

In highly cryoprotectable Lavandula vera cells, selected bya repeated freeze-thaw procedure, the degree of fatty acid unsaturationof plasma membrane phospholipids increased after treatment withdimethylsulfoxide-glucose mixture at 0?C for 2 h. The degreeof fatty acid unsaturation, in particular in phosphatidylethanolamineand phosphatidic acid did not increase in the unselected originalcells which were less cryoprotected by such treatment. (Received May 12, 1989; Accepted November 13, 1989)     

生长分化因子5与代谢性疾病

生长分化因子5 (growth/differentiation factor-5,GDF-5)属于转化生长因子β (transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)家族,在骨、软骨、心脏、大脑、肾脏、骨骼肌和肌腱、肝脏以及脂肪等多个器官组织中表达。GDF-5与其受体BMPR-I/BMPR-II结合,激活Smad1/5/8、PI3K/Akt、p38-MAPK等信号,发挥促进细胞增殖分化、减少氧化应激损伤、细胞凋亡和组织纤维化等生物学功能。目前针对GDF-5的研究多聚焦在骨、软骨与肌腱的生长和修复等方面,而在其他器官中的生物学作用鲜有报道。因此,本文通过梳理和总结近年来GDF-5与代谢性疾病的研究进展,为GDF-5在改善代谢性疾病防治提供新的见解和理论依据。