基于红外相机技术对陕西老县城国家级 自然保护区大中型兽类及林下鸟类资源分析

兽类和鸟类多样性的监测是生物多样性保护中的重要一环。2017年4月至2018年5月,按照网格法在位于陕西省西安市周至县的老县城国家级自然保护区布设了36台红外相机,对保护区内大中型兽类和林下鸟类多样性进行调查。累积7 835个相机工作日,获得野生动物独立有效照片1 915张,共鉴定出32种鸟类和兽类物种,隶属8目18科,其中被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)和近危(NT)的物种分别有2种、4种和3种。相对丰富度指数最高的为羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)(IRA=36.81);夏季(7.68)和秋季(7.81)物种拍摄率大于春季(4.65)和冬季(4.30),不同季节拍摄到的物种数和物种多样性指数差异不显著。不同海拔段物种拍摄率、物种数和物种多样性指数均不具有明显差异。濒危物种中的羚牛不同海拔段拍摄率存在明显差异。主成分分析表明,拍摄物种与相机位点之间相关性较强,这与相机位点附近的生境条件有关。研究结果初步掌握了老县城保护区内大中型兽类和林下鸟类种类组成、相对多度及分布状况,为未来保护区野生动物资源保护和管理提供基础资料。

Analysis of the Large- and Medium-sized Mammals and Understory Birds in Laoxiancheng National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi

Monitoring of mammals and birds is an important part of biodiversity conservation. From April 2017 to May 2018, we installed 36 infrared-triggered cameras in Laoxiancheng National Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province in 36 1 km x 1 km grids, and evaluated the species richness, relative abundance and photographic rate of mammals and birds. With a survey effort of 7 835 camera-days, we obtained 1 915 independent photographs and identified 32 mammals and birds belonging to 8 orders and 18 families. Among the recorder species, two were Endangered, four were Vulnerable, and three were Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The species with the highest relative abundance index (RAI) value in the reserve is Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) (IRA = 36.81) (Appendix 1). The species photographic rate of summer and autumn is higher than spring and winter (Fig. 3). There was no significant difference in the number of species and species diversity index at different seasons. There was also no significant difference in photographic rate, number of photographed species, and species diversity index at altitude. But there were significant differences in the photographic rate of the Takin at altitude (Table 1). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that there had the correlation between the camera and the photographed species (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), which was related to the habitat around the camera. In addition to providing a preliminary evaluation of mammal and species in the Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve, we also assessed the factors affected the distribution of species. This is the first study to investigate direct and quantitative data on species occurrences in this reserve. Our study provides important basis for future local wildlife research and conservation management.