帽儿山地区秋季食果实鸟类的食性与迁徙

野外研究于2002和2003年秋季在帽儿山地区进行。帽儿山地区秋季可供鸟类取食的肉质果植物种类繁多,黄檗(Phellodendronamurense)和山荆子(Malusbaccata)是最主要的两种植物。帽儿山地区迁徙性食果实鸟类共9种,包括夏候鸟和旅鸟5种,冬候鸟4种。主要的食果实鸟类是斑鸫(Turdusnaumanni)、灰背鸫(T.hortulorum)和北朱雀(Carpodacusroseus),前两种为食果肉鸟类,后一种是食种子鸟类。斑鸫主要取食黄檗果实,灰背鸫主要取食山荆子果实,北朱雀主要取食黄檗种子。食果实鸟类在秋季也捕食一些动物性食物。3种主要食果实鸟类的迁徙日期不同。灰背鸫最先迁离,斑鸫稍晚,北朱雀最后到此越冬。果实丰歉年对鸟类的迁徙有一定的影响。

Food Habit and Migrating Behavior of Frugivorous Birds in Autumn in Maoershan Mountain

Field work was done in autumn in 2002 and 2003, in Maoershan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province. Phellodendron amurense and Malus baccata are the two important species to furgivores among all fleshy-fruits plants. Mast seeding of the two species occurred with a bumper fruit production in 2002 and poor fruit production in 2003. Nine species of migrating frugivores were found in the study area, including 5 species of summer visitors and passengers, 4 species of winter visitors. Three species ( Turdus hortulorum, T. naumanni and Carpodacus roseus ) of them are the main furgivores. Both Turdus were pulp-eating birds, and the Carpodacus was seed-eating birds. T.hortulorum and C. roseus foraged P. amurense mainly, while T. naumanni foraged M. baccata . All three frugivores also foraged some animals. The migrating dates of the three species were different. T. hortulorum left the study area firstly, T. naumanni followed, and C. roseus wintered in the study area. Mast seeding influenced the migrating behavior of the species.