阿尔金山保护区藏野驴和野牦牛夏季生境选择分析

本研究在2012至2013年进行两次调查,采用样带法和样方法在阿尔金山自然保护区东部(37°15'~37°23'N,90°11'~90°20'E)对藏野驴(Equus kiang)、野牦牛(Bos grunniens)的分布及其栖息地进行调查,共设置3条样线(总长达146.9 km)和128个样方。调查发现,藏野驴主要集中于伊协克帕提附近的荒漠草原,而野牦牛的主要栖息地位于沙山附近的阿坝堤坝草场。通过Vanderloeg和Scavia选择系数以及主成分分析,对藏野驴和野牦牛对不同环境因子(包括植被类型、植被盖度、草本种类数、土壤pH、海拔、坡度、坡向、水源)的选择性以及各因子在物种栖息地选择的重要程度进行研究,同时利用独立T检验分析两物种之间的环境变量选择差异性。结果表明,藏野驴倾向选择植被盖度小于70%,坡度2°~5°的南坡,海拔3800~4000 m,土壤pH 8.0~8.5的高寒荒漠生境;野牦牛则偏好选择植被盖度大于70%,坡度5°~15°的东坡或者北坡,海拔4200~4600 m,土壤pH 7.0~8.0,与水源距离小于1000 m的高寒荒漠草原以及沼泽草甸生境;影响藏野驴生境选择的主要因子为植被类型和坡度,而影响野牦牛生境选择的主要因子是植被盖度;虽然藏野驴和野牦牛在资源利用上存在部分重叠,但它们对栖息地植被盖度、植被高度、海拔和坡度的选择存在显著差异性(P0.05)。

The Dissimilarity Analysis of Summer Habitat Selection of the Ungulates Equus kiang and Bos grunniens in Arjin Mountain Reserve

The survey of habitation and distribution for Equus kiang and Bos grunniens was carried out using the transects and quadrat sampling methods in the east part of Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, Xinjiang during 2012 and 2013. Three transects amounted to 146.9 km and 128 quadrats were set for further analysis. The distribution of two species indicated that Equus kiang mainly appeared in Yixiekepati desert grassland while Bos grunniens preferred to Abadiba meadow grassland.The selection of environmental variables and the influential factors in habitat selection by the two species were analyzed by Vanderloeg and Scavia index as well as factor analysis. The difference of habitat selection was analyzed by using Independent-Sample Test. The results showed that E. kiang prefer the habitats of alpine deserts with the following features, vegetation coverage of <70%, slope of 2°-5°, altitude of 3 800-4 000 m, and soil pH of 8.0-8.5. B. grunniens prefer the alpine desert steppe or swamp meadow with the following attributes: vegetation coverage of >70%), slope of 5°-15°, altitude of 4 200-4 600 m, soil pH of 7.0-8.0. Habitat selection by E. kiang was mainly influenced by vegetation type and slope while habitat selection of B. grunniens was influenced by vegetation coverage. Although there were partial overlaps in resource utilization between two species, significant difference in selection of vegetation coverage and height, altitude and slope were observed for these two species (P<0.05).