青海湖鸻鹬类群落特征和时空分布

于2006年至2009年间对环青海湖鸻鹬类的群落特征和时空分布进行了资源调查,以期对青海湖保护管理提供科学依据。根据青海湖的地形、植被和水系分布以及水鸟聚集特点,环青海湖选择了15个调查地点,采用直接计数法进行了14次调查,并应用Shannon-wiener指数进行了多样性分析。共记录到鸻鹬类4科28种。数量上红脚鹬(Tringa totanus)、环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)和黑尾塍鹬(Limosa limosa)是当地的主要物种,分别占鸻鹬类调查总数的33.3%、22.0%和16.2%。分布上环颈鸻最为广泛,在各调查地点均有发现,其次为红脚鹬、黑尾塍鹬和青脚滨鹬(Calidris temminckii),分布地点达10处以上。黑马河和布哈河口多样性较高,这与其适宜的河漫滩和沼泽等栖息环境以及丰富的食物有关。季节上8~10月多样性较高,其次是4~5月。青海湖鸻鹬类的数量高峰依次为10月、8月和5月,物种数高峰为8月和4月,并且秋季物种数高于春季。主要物种红脚鹬和环颈鸻的迁徙动态较为一致,均是8月份达到全年数量最高值,次高峰为5月和10月;黑尾塍鹬的数量在10月份达到全年最高峰。青海湖鸻鹬类迁徙时间与渤海湾较为一致,这可能与历史上长期形成的迁徙模式有关。鄱阳湖和洞庭湖的鸻鹬类主要物种与青海湖比较接近,但数量远远多于青海湖。近年来,游客和游船等人为活动的增加导致青海湖产生局部污染,因此应重视环青海湖生态环境的保护管理,减少对鸻鹬类等水鸟栖息地的人为干扰。

The Surveys on Waders Community at Qinghai Lake, China

The surveys on current status of waders at 15 sites of Qinghai Lake were conducted for 14 times from 2006 to 2009, with the aim of providing scientific basis on tourism development and conservation and management. Totally 26 species were recorded, under the Charadriiformes order, 3 families, accounting for 20.2% of the total wader species. Common Redshank Tringa tetanus, Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrines, and Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa weredominant species, almost mainly distributed in Quanwan. The diversity of Heimahe and Buhahekou were higher than the other sites, which related to its habitat suitability. Compared with Bohai Bay, spring migration peak of waders at Qinghai Lake occurred in May, which approximately a month later than Bohai Bay, and fall migration started from late August and ended in October, which approximately a month earlier than Bohai Bay. Dominant species in Qinghai Lake was quite different from Bohai Bay. In recent years, with the increasing numbers of tourists and sightseeing boats and other human activities, some habitats at Luci Island and Tiebuqiahekou had slightly eutrophication, which were not suitable for the waterbirds. It is suggested that conservation and management of ecological environment should be pay attention to reduce human disturbance at Qinghai Lake.