利用潮间带大型底栖动物群落评估茅尾海生态环境质量

正强化采血训练后可在动物没有物理或化学保定的条件下获取其血液样品，最大限度减少因应激对动物带来的伤害。常规的正强化采血训练中，动作的保持主要靠食物作为强化物，用非固定强化的方法进行。本研究在使用非固定强化的方法对3只黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes)进行采血训练失败后，根据黑猩猩喜爱音乐并能识别音乐旋律的特征，将音乐加入到采血训练中，起到了连续正强化物和计时器的作用。结果发现，使用音乐进行采血训练时，3只黑猩猩的动作保持时间极显著高于非固定强化方法(无音乐)的动作保持时间。3只黑猩猩完成训练的次数，即达到训练效果所需的最少次数有所不同，个体贝贝的训练次数最多(177次)，训练难点是尖针脱敏4 min；其次是个体亚亚(69次)，训练难点是动作保持4 min；个体明明的训练次数最少(42次)。训练完成后，3只黑猩猩均可以在4 min的音乐播放中完成采血，中途不用饲喂任何食物。结果表明，音乐可以延长黑猩猩在采血训练中的动作保持时间，增加训练的稳定性。本研究的方法与结果可为同行业的相关工作者提供参考和借鉴。

Assessing Ecological Environmental Conditions of Maowei Sea, China Using Intertidal Macrobenthic Communities

Objectives] Positive reinforcement blood collection training allows to collect blood samples from animals without physical or chemical bonding, minimizing injuries due to stress. In conventional positive reinforcement blood collection training, non-fixed reinforcement, mainly food, is used as a reinforcer to maintain the movement. In this study, after failing to train three chimpanzees in blood collection using non-fixed reinforcement, music was added to the blood collection training as a continuous positive reinforce and timer for the first time, based on the characteristic that chimpanzees love music and can recognize musical melodies. Methods] The retention time of blood collection action of each chimpanzee during training without music and with music was recorded respectively. SPSS Statistics (version 20.0) was used for statistical analysis. First, Shapior-Wilk test was used for normality test. For data conforming to normal distribution, paired sample t-test was used for testing. Conversely, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for data that are not normally distributed. Results] When using music for blood collection training, the movement retention time of the three chimpanzees was significantly higher than that of the non-fixed reinforcement method (without music) (Table 1). The number of times each chimpanzee completed the training, that is, the minimun number of times required to achieve the required training effect varies. Beibei had the most training sessions (177 times) and the training difficulty was sharp needle desensitization for 4 min, followed by Yaya (69 times) and the training difficulty was holding the movement for 4 min. Mingming had the fewest training sessions (42 times) (Table 2). Conclusion] Upon completion of training, all three chimpanzees were able to complete blood collection during 4 min of music playing, without feeding any food in the middle of the session. That is, music can prolong the movement retention time of chimpanzees during blood collection training and increase the stability of training. The methods and study can provide a sound reference and approach for related workers in the same industry.