云南蒙自坝区湖泊越冬水鸟组成和变化趋势初报

第264号国际重点鸟区位于云南蒙自坝区，但缺乏系统的鸟类数据。2006-2014 年，每年1月下旬至2月上旬，在蒙自坝区的三个湖泊长桥海、大屯海和三角海（简称“三湖”）进行水鸟调查，累计记录到水鸟12科33属63种。其中有国家I级保护动物1种（黑鹳Ciconia nigra），国家II级保护动物2种（白琵鹭Platalea leucorodia，彩鹮Plegadis falcinellus），极危（CR）鸟类1种（青头潜鸭Aythya baeri），近危（NT）鸟类4种。在长桥海记录的水鸟种类和数量最多，但Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较低，优势度指数较高。在三角海记录到的鸟类种类较多，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高而优势度指数较低。在大屯海记录到的鸟种和数量都很少。分别对三湖越冬水鸟种数、数量和雁形目、骨顶鸡和鹳形目水鸟数量变化趋势进行了Man-Kendall检验，发现调查期间，三湖越冬水鸟种数和数量无显著变化，骨顶鸡数量无显著变化趋势，雁形目水鸟略有下降趋势，而鹳形目水鸟有显著下降趋势。鉴于三角海记录到的国家一、二级保护动物和鹳形目水鸟数量，建议扩大第264号国际重点鸟区范围，将其纳入。

A Preliminary Study on the Composition and Trends of Wintering Water Birds in Lakes of Mengzi Basin, Yunnan

The No.264 Important Bird Area (IBA) situates at Mengzi Basin, Yunnan. However, the data on avian diversity is deficient. From 2006 to 2014, bird surveys had been conducted around three lakes (the Changqiaohai, the Datunhai, and the Sanjiaohai Lake) in Mengzi Basin, southeast Yunnan, during late January and early February. During the study period, waterbird monitoring by direct census was conducted by the same team at 12 sites around the three lakes. The number of waterbird species, density, Anseriformes birds, Ciconiformes birds and coot were applied to Man-Kendall (MK) test to reveal the trends over the study period. The Shannon-Wiener, Pielou and Dominance indices of the waterbirds in each lake were calculated. 63 species of water birds belonging to 33 genus of 12 families had been recorded in totall. There were 1 species of 1st class national protected animals (Ciconia nigra), 2 species of 2nd class national protected animals (Platalea leucorodia and Plegadis falcinellus), 1 Critically Endangered species (Aythya baeri), and 4 Near-Threatened species. The Changqiaohai Lake accommodated the most numerous species and the largest number of individuals, but the Shannon-Wiener index value is low and the Dominance Index value is high. The Sanjiaohai Lake accommodated numerous species, and the Shannon-Wiener index value is high and the Dominance Index value is low. Few water birds occurred at the Datunhai Lake. The results of MK test revealed that no significant change occurred to the species number and density of individual waterbird in the three lakes, while the number of Anseriformes birds showed a slight downwards trend and the number of Ciconiformes birds showed a significant downwards trend. The number of coot showed no obvious trend. Considering the protected species and large flocks of ciconiformes birds occurring at the Sanjiaohai Lake, the range of No. 264 IBA should be extended.