青藏高原东缘高寒草原有毒植物分布与高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠的相关性

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统是我国特有的生态系统类型,由于受到人为破坏的影响,目前该地区草原生态系统功能退化,优良牧草减少,有毒植物蔓延。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)和高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)是青藏高原东缘高寒草原中最重要的两种小型哺乳动物,其采食行为和挖掘洞穴的生活特性必然对生态系统产生影响,但其与有毒植物之间的互作关系尚未揭示。基于此,在甘肃省玛曲县河曲马场自然生长的高寒草原生态系统中开展了有毒植物的分布与高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠之间的相关性研究。结果表明,该高寒草原生态系统中分布有毒植物27种,分属于菊科、豆科、毛茛科等11科。在此基础上,测定了该地区有毒植物的生物多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数,并探究了单位面积条件下有毒植物的分布特征与高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠种群密度之间的相关性,发现该地区高寒草原有毒植物的蔓延与高原鼠兔的密度之间存在密切的负相关关系(P0.05),而与高原鼢鼠的相关性不显著(P0.05)。

Correlation between the distribution characteristics of poisonous plants and Ochotona curzoniae, Myospalax baileyi in the East of Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem

The Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem is a unique ecosystem in China. Due to destructive human activities, this ecosystem has been seriously damaged, including the spread of poisonous plants and decrease of grazing grasses. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) and plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi), two important small mammals which are well-known for their feeding and hole-digging behaviors in the East of Tibetan Plateau, have a great impact on the ecosystem in that they may influence the spreading of poisonous plants. To explore the correlation between distribution characteristics of poisonous plants and plateau pika, plateau zokor in the East of Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow, we carried out the field experiments in the natural grassland ecosystem in Hequ Farm, Maqu County, Gansu Province. Our results showed that there were 27 poisonous plant species, which belong to 11 plant families. Based on the numbers of poisonous plant species, we determined the plant biodiversity index, the evenness index and the Margalef richness index, and then analyzed the correlations between distributing characteristics of poisonous plants and plateau pika, plateau zokor. Our data indicated that the spreading of poisonous plants is not significantly related to the density of plateau zokor (P>0.05), but negatively related to that of plateau pika (P<0.05) in the East of Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow.