基于生态系统服务的海南岛自然保护区体系规划

随着我国生物多样性保护与生态建设的发展,区域尺度自然保护区体系规划得到广泛的关注.以海南岛为例,探索了利用生态系统服务空间格局进行区域自然保护区规划的方法.研究中,首先从生物多样性分布、水源涵养、水资源保护、土壤保持和海岸带防护等5个方面分析了海南岛生态系统服务的空间格局,综合评价单元生态系统重要性;然后基于生态系统服务综合评价结果,并根据海南省保护自然过程与生物多样性并重的要求,识别出生态重要性高但无保护区或保护面积不足的空间单元,提出海南岛自然保护区体系规划.根据本规划,海南岛将共建成规范完善的自然保护区42个,总面积290.14万hm2.其中,陆地自然保护区面积41.26万hm2,占海南岛陆地总面积的11.79％.新建保护区4个(面积8.80万hm2),调整保护区4个(扩大面积8.01万公顷),优化整合原有保护区中的17个为6个,升级保护区4个.结果表明,基于生态系统服务的自然保护区体系规划有助于发挥自然保护区的综合效益,并具有更强的可操作性.将生态系统服务纳入自然保护区体系规划应是今后的发展方向.

Designing nature reserve systems based on ecosystem services in Hainan Island

With the development of biodiversity conservation and ecological construction in China, system planning of natural reserves at regional scale has received wide attention. Taking Hainan Island as an example, this study explores the regional natural reserves planning method according to the spatial pattern of ecosystem services.Considering the five aspects of biodiversity distribution, water conservation, water resource protection, soil conservation, and coastal protection, we first analyzed the spatial pattern of ecosystem services in Hainan Island and evaluated the importance of unit ecosystem. Then, based on the results of ecosystem services evaluation and the dual requirements of protecting both natural processes and biodiversity in Hainan, we identified the spatial units of high ecological importance but with inadequate or no natural reserve protection. Finally, we proposed our system planning of natural reserves for Hainan Island.According to the planning, Hainan Island will build up 42 improved natural reserves with a total area of 2901400 hm². The terrestrial area of natural reserves is 412600 hm², accounting for 11.79% of the total land area in Hainan. Of all the reserves, there are four newly-built ones (88000 hm²), four adjusted ones (with an expansion 80100 hm²), six integrated ones from previous 17 reserves and four upgraded ones. This study showed that the ecosystem-services-based system planning of natural reserves would optimize the overall functions and benefits of nature reserves, and enhance the feasibility for practices. We concluded that ecosystem services should be integrated into future system planning of natural reserves.