西藏自然保护区现状分析及其空间布局评估

对自然保护区空间布局合理性进行评估,可为管理部门制定政策提供科学依据。以自然保护区名录数据为基础,采用数理统计、时间序列分析和空间叠加分析等方法,在深入认知西藏国家级和省级自然保护区现状特点的基础上,从人文和自然角度对其空间布局合理性进行评估。结果表明:(1)截至2015年底,西藏自然保护区面积达41.37万km2,较全面保护了西藏脆弱生态系统和国家重点保护动植物;(2)西藏1990—2015新增国家级和省级自然保护区2000年以前由东南部往中西部扩展,2000年以后主要分布在自治区中部,其空间分布和类型趋于完善;(3)从人文角度看,西藏国家级和省级自然保护区生态保护与人类活动的矛盾不突出,总体布局合理;(4)从自然角度看,各个生态地理区(植被带)内自然保护区密度较为接近,但自然保护区面积占比差异较大,空间布局还需优化。

Analysis of current situation and assessment of spatial layout of nature reserves in the Tibet Autonomous Region

Assessment of the spatial layout of nature reserves can provide scientific basis for policy-makers. Most previous studies concerning nature reserves in the Tibet Autonomous Region only focused on a single nature reserve, and almost no studies have paid attention to the layout of all nature reserves in the Tibet Autonomous Region. In this study, on the basis of national nature reserves list data and employing classification, time series analysis, and spatial overlapping methods, we analyzed the current situation and spatial-temporal changes of nature reserves in the Tibet Autonomous Region and assessed the rationality of their spatial layout from the perspectives of human and nature dimensions. The results suggest that:(1) At the end of the year 2015, there were 47 nature reserves in the Tibet Autonomous Region with an area of 413.7×10³ km², ranking the first place in China. Fragile ecosystems and national key protected plants and animals in the Tibet Autonomous Region were mostly covered by national and provincial nature reserves. (2) Before the year 2000, the spatial patterns of newly established nature reserves during 1990-2015 expanded from the southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region to the mid-western Tibet Autonomous Region; after 2000, more newly established nature reserves appeared in the central of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The spatial layout of nature reserves is becoming more rational. (3) From the perspective of the human dimension, the mean human influence intensity of the total nature reserves is about half of that of the Tibet Autonomous Region, indicating that the contradiction between ecological protection and human activities is not serious in terms of the spatial layout of nature reserves. For several nature reserves whose human influence intensity is greater than the average value, their spatial layout can be optimized. (4) From the perspective of the nature dimension, the densities of nature reserves in each eco-geographic region or vegetation zone are close, but the percentages of nature reserve areas in each eco-geographic region or vegetation zone are obviously different, which means that the spatial layout can be optimized further.