基于土地利用变化的贵州坝子土地利用功能演变研究

贵州省为典型喀斯特山区,强烈的人类活动主要分布在坝地地区,研究坝子土地利用功能演变对土地可持续利用具有重要价值。基于土地利用变化,根据三生功能理论构建土地利用功能分类体系,以贵州省1990年、2000年、2010年和2016年四期遥感影像为数据源,借助ArcGIS10.2软件平台构建土地利用功能转移矩阵和坝子功能冷热点分布图。研究表明:(1)贵州省坝子土地利用功能已由以传统农业生产功能为主转为以传统农业生产功能-农村居住生活功能为主,坝子土地利用由单一功能向多功能转变;(2)1990—2016年,坝子的功能类型增加10种类型,其中8类是复合类型,坝子功能向多样性转变;(3)单一功能与复合功能坝子比例变化曲线呈"X"型,到2016年,复合功能坝子比例大于单一功能坝子;(4)1990—2000年,坝子土地利用功能变化缓慢,2000年以后坝子土地利用功能变化强烈;(5)传统农业生产功能转移最为强烈,主要转移为城镇居住生活功能、农村居住生活功能、工业生产功能及与之相关的复合功能和自然生态功能;(6)各种功能类型坝子冷热点的空间分布变化复杂,从总体上看各功能的空间分布由集聚变为分散。

Study on the evolution of land use function of basins based on land use change in Guizhou Province, China

Guizhou Province is a typical karst mountainous area where strong human activities are concentrated in the basin region; therefore, it is of great value to study the evolution of land use function to enhance sustainable usage of the basin area. Based on land use change, this paper uses the theory of Ecological-production-living function to construct a classification system of land use function using remote sensing image data of Guizhou Province in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 generated through ArcGIS10.2 software to construct a land use function transfer matrix and basin functional hot spot analysis distribution map. The results show that:(1) The land use function in Guizhou basins has shifted from the single-function dominance of traditional agricultural production to multi-functional dominance of traditional agricultural production and rural living functions. (2) From 1990 to 2016, basin function increased 10 types, 8 of which are composite types, diversifying the function of the basin; (3)The basins ratio change curve for single function and composite functions is "X" type, and by 2016 the proportion of composite-function basins was greater than that of single-function basins; (4) The basin''s land use function changed slowly between 1990 to 2000; after 2000, the basin changed rapidly; (5) Functional shifts were the strongest from traditional agricultural production, which mainly change to urban living, rural living, industrial production, associate compound, and natural ecological functions; (6) The spatial distribution of hot spots in various functional types of the basin are changing in a complicated manner; as a whole, the spatial distribution of each function has changed from agglomeration to dispersion.