基于GIS的鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值结构变化研究

鄱阳湖作为中国最大的淡水湖,国际重要湿地,其生态环境保护与可持续发展意义重大。基于生态系统服务价值分析方法,以鄱阳湖全流域为研究区,利用1990年、2000年、2008年3个时期数据,分别从全流域与子区域两个层次,计算了生态系统服务价值。并且基于威弗(Weaver)组合指数,求出了鄱阳湖各子流域的生态系统服务价值结构与坡度结构类型。分析表明,鄱阳湖流域在3个时期生态系统服务价值量持续增大,全流域的可持续性向有利的方向发展。在各子区域中,大部分区域生态系统服务价值较高,可持续发展水平较好,且呈现良性发展趋势,但是在鄱阳湖流域的中部地区生态系统服务价值较低,可持续发展水平较差,且呈现不良发展趋势。鄱阳湖流域的生态系统服务价值组合结构以林地、农用地、水体3类为主,且单重结构类型所占比例最大,双重结构类型与三重结构类型次之;坡度类型以小于15°的组合类型为主,结构类型除三重结构类型外,其它类型分布均较多。促进流域可持续发展向更高水平发展,在全流域角度,应该继续执行退耕还林、还湖工程,严格控制建设用地的增加;从子区域的角度,对鄱阳湖流域的中部地区应该控制建设用地与农用地对林地、草地的占用,严格执行退耕还林、还草工程。从生态系统服务价值结构角度,对于山地丘陵区,应该加大对生态环境的维护,并且合理的发展林业经济以促进经济发展;对于环鄱阳湖平原区,应该推进资源消耗少,污染排放小,高科技产业,促进湖区生态环境保护与社会经济的协调发展。

Sustainable development evaluation of the Poyang Lake Basin based on ecological service value and structure analysis

As the largest freshwater lake in China and a wetland of international importance, the Poyang Lake Basin has received considerable attention from the international scientific community; therefore, research on the ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of Poyang Lake Basin is of great importance. In this paper, based on ecosystem service value analysis, taking the entire Poyang Lake basin as the study area and using data from 1990, 2000, and 2008, the value and per unit area value of ecosystem services were calculated from the whole and the sub-region. In addition, based on the Weaver composite index, the ecological service value structure and slope structure of each sub-basin in the Poyang lake basin were calculated. Analysis revealed that the ecosystem service value of Poyang Lake Basin continues to increase over the three periods, and that the sustainability of the entire area is driven in a positive direction. In each sub-area, most of the area has a higher ecosystem service value per unit area; the level of sustainable development is also better, and it showed a positive trend. These regions have a high ratio of forest, water, and construction land, and low ratio of cultivated land to unutilized land. However, the ecosystem service value per unit area in the central region of the Poyang Lake Basin is lower, and the level of sustainable development is lower and it shows a negative trend. These regions have a high ratio of cultivated land to construction land, and a low ratio of forest to grass. In order to promote the sustainable development of the basin, engineering strategies for returning cultivated land to forest and returning cultivated land to lake should be implemented, and the increase in construction land area should be strictly controlled, especially the conversion of farmland to construction land. The lake and forest regions of the Poyang lake basin could potentially be restored through these measures. As for the sub-regions, it should control the construction land and the cultivated land to occupy the forest and grass, and engineering strategies for returning cultivated land to forest and returning cultivated land to grass should be implemented. These measures would aid in the protection of the ecological environment of the Poyang Lake Basin.