基于土地利用变化的福建省生境质量时空变化研究

地利用变化引起的生态效应已经成为生态学研究的核心问题,分析土地利用变化引起生境质量时空变化可以为生态保护和土地规划提供科学依据。以福建省为例,利用In VEST模型对福建省生境质量进行评估,根据生境质量指数将其生境划分为低、中、良好、优等。同时分析了福建省土地利用变化对其生境质量时空格局的影响。研究结果表明:2000—2010年,福建省景观破碎度指数逐渐降低,斑块之间连通性好,生境破碎化程度降低,整体生境得分值在0.9以上。林地是福建省的优势景观,其覆盖面积达到了福建省的86%以上,并且林地的破碎化程度低,人类活动对它的干扰较小,所以福建省大部分地区生境质量处于良好、优质等级。但是福建省东南沿海地区生境值低于0.6,处于中、低等级之间,主要因为建设用地的急剧扩张增加了对生境质量的破坏强度。东南沿海地区的GDP占到福建省的65%以上,形成了以二、三产业为主导的产业格局,对基础设施建设、工业、居住用地等的需求急剧增加。所以,福建省的57%以上的建设用地主要集中于东南沿海地区。东南沿海地区高度聚集的建设用地,侵占了大量的裸地和耕地,严重干扰了该地区整体生态格局,破坏了生境质量,导致其生境质量低于福建省其他地区。

Temporal and spatial changes in habitat quality based on land-use change in Fujian Province

The ecological effect of land use change has become a core issue in ecological studies. Analyzing the spatial and temporal changes in habitat quality caused by land-use change can provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and land planning. Taking Fujian Province as an example, we utilized the InVEST model to evaluate habitat quality. The habitat in Fujian can be classified into low, medium, good, and excellent grades based on the habitat quality index. We also analyzed the influence of land-use change on the spatiotemporal characters of habitat quality in Fujian Province. The results showed that: from 2000 to 2010, the landscape fragmentation index for Fujian Province gradually decreased, the connectivity between patches was acceptable, the extent of habitant fragmentation was improved, and the overall habitat value was higher than 0.9. In Fujian Province, woodland is a beneficial landscape covering almost 86% of the lands. The degree of fragmentation was quite low with little human interference; therefore, the majority of habitats in Fujian Province were of good and excellent quality. However, the southeast coastal areas of Fujian Province are of low and poor habitat quality (less than 0.6), the reason for which might be the rapid expansion of construction land that has increased the extent of damage to habitat quality. More than 65% of the GDP in Fujian Province can be attributed to the southeast coastal areas, and the structure of secondary or tertiary industries increasing the demand for infrastructure, industry, and residential land. As a consequence, more than 57% of the construction land in Fujian Province is concentrated in the southeast coastal areas. The high density of construction land in these areas has seriously encroached on large areas of bare land and farmland, disturbed the entire ecological pattern of the area, and destroyed habitat quality, which accounts for the typically lower habitat quality in the southeast than in other areas of Fujian Province.