基于条件价值法评估三亚海域生态系统多样性及物种多样性的维持服务价值

基于条件价值法(CVM)开展了三亚海域海洋保护区生态系统多样性和重要海洋物种多样性的维持服务价值评估。于2014年12月通过面对面调研的形式对三亚当地城镇居民进行问卷调查,建立了支付意愿(WTP)多元线性回归方程,再将此回归模型推广到海南全省城镇居民,从而评估了三亚海域海洋保护区生态系统多样性和重要海洋物种多样性的维持服务价值;同时也对CVM研究中的相关问题如问卷设计、偏差分析和CVM的可靠性与有效性等进行了验证和探讨。研究结果表明:(1)2014年三亚海域海洋保护区生态系统多样性及重要海洋物种多样性的维持服务总价值分别为3.734亿元和4.442亿元。(2)受教育程度和家庭人均年收入等社会经济信息变量对支付意愿具有显著的影响水平,符合经济学理论。(3) CVM作为陈述偏好性价值评估方法,评估结果受偏差的影响较大。为了尽可能减小偏差,需要从问卷的设计、调查员筛选培训、调查方式和被调查者等诸多方面严格把关。(4) CVM问卷支付数额的设计较好地界定了支付意愿的范围和分布形态,支付意愿具有较高的统计效率,CVM的可靠性得到较好的验证,显示了CVM评估法在估算生态系统服务非使用价值的有效性。鉴于居民的学历和收入在短时间内很难得到提升,建议相关海洋管理部门加强对三亚海域海洋保护区和海洋生物多样性的宣传教育,增强居民对三亚海洋保护区和海洋珍稀濒危生物的认知及保护意识。

Evaluation of the maintenance service values of the ecosystem diversity of marine protected areas and the diversity of important marine species in Sanya coastal waters based on the contingent valuation method

Based on the contingent valuation method (CVM), maintenance service values of the ecosystem diversity of marine protected areas and the diversity of important marine species in Sanya coastal waters were evaluated. The questionnaires were administered face-to-face to survey the willingness to pay (WTP) of local urban residents to maintain the sustainable existence of the diversity of marine protected areas and important marine species in Sanya coastal waters in December 2014. The multiple linear regression equation model of WTP was set up and extended to the whole urban residents of Hainan province. Meanwhile, in the case study, problems related to the CVM such as design and survey techniques of the questionnaires, deviation analysis, reliability, and validity testing of the results were also resolved. The results showed that:(1) total maintenance service values of ecosystem diversity of marine protected areas and the diversity of important marine species are 373.4 million CNY and 444.2 million CNY, respectively; (2) socio-economic variables of the respondents such as education degree and annual income per person significantly influenced the values of the WTP of the respondents, which is consistent with the economic theory; (3) as a kind of evaluation method to state the preferential value, the result of CVM is greatly influenced by the deviation. In order to minimize the deviation, the design and survey techniques of the questionnaires need to be strictly controlled; and (4) the design of the payment amount in CVM study has well defined the range and distribution of the respondents'' WTP, which makes the statistical efficiency of the value of the WTP to be relatively higher than expected. The reliability of the CVM has been verified, which testifies the validity of the CVM justified in the non-use value evaluation process of ecosystem services. Given that it is difficult to advance in terms of education degree and income of local urban residents in a short time, it is suggested that the relevant marine administrative departments should strengthen the publicity and education activities of marine protected areas and marine biodiversity in Sanya coastal waters to improve the cognition and protection consciousness toward them.