丛枝菌根真菌的生态分布及其影响因子研究进展

丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)共生体系对于植物适应各种逆境胁迫具有重要积极作用。AM真菌还能够通过根外菌丝网络调节植物群落结构和演替,深刻影响生态系统结构和功能的稳定性。AM真菌生态生理功能的发挥主要取决于其生态适应性,明确AM真菌在不同环境中的多样性、生态适应性以及对各种生态因子的响应机制,是AM真菌资源管理、功能发掘与利用的前提。迄今为止,有关各种生态因子对AM真菌多样性的影响已有不少研究,但是AM真菌生态分布及其形成机制仍缺乏系统的研究和理论分析。综述了生物因子和非生物因子对AM真菌生态分布的影响,结合大型生物空间分布理论探讨了AM真菌生态分布规律和建成机制,分析了当前本研究领域所存在的问题和动向,以期推动相关研究进展。

Ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the influencing factors

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous soil fungi that can form symbiotic associations with the majority of terrestrial plant. AM fungi play key roles in plant resistance to various environmental stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, and soil contaminations. Through the common mycorrhizal network, AM fungi can regulate plant community structure and succession, influence material cycling, energy flow, and signal transduction, and substantially affect ecosystem stability and function. Because the physiological and ecological functions of AM fungi could be predetermined by their ecological adaptability, understanding the AM fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems and their response to various environmental factors is important for the exploration and utilization of these biological resources. To date, many studies have revealed the influences of different ecological factors on AM fungal diversity, however, systematic studies on the ecological distribution patterns of AM fungi and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. This paper summarized available knowledge regarding the influences of biotic and abiotic factors on AM fungal diversity and ecological distribution, and discussed AM fungal biogeography compared to macroorganisms. Prospects in this research area were also proposed to promote future research.