哈尔滨东部城乡土地梯度带的划分及景观结构

以哈尔滨市及东部郊区为对象,重点研究城乡土地梯度带的划分以及造成这种景观分异的内在机制,特别是对镶嵌在城市到乡村之间土地类型的数量变化,研究土地景观结构的特点.研究区范围东西35km,南北16km,在GIS平台上使用TM与SPOT卫星图像划分出东西2.5km,南北16km大小的14条等面积的连续梯度带,根据等面积梯度带的建筑密度和道路密度将研究区域划分为市区、近郊区、远郊区3个梯度区.应用计算机目视判读方法对研究区内进行了土地类型的识别及区划,利用GIS空间分析,计算了各种梯度带的内的不同土地类型的长度、面积.通过这些计算与分析研究了哈尔滨市及东部城乡之间不同梯度带的绿地景观空间结构特点,以绿地建设为核心,辅以城市景观结构及空间格局的特点,分析讨论不同城乡梯度带景观分异的成因.研究表明,区域道路密度和建筑物密度可以在一定程度上反应出城市化进程,据此将哈尔滨及东部城乡划分为市区、近郊区和远郊区;不同梯度区域有其各自的人文景观结构特点和绿地景观结构特点,讨论了造成这种梯度特征的内在机制,并对研究区域未来的城乡绿地及景观建设和可持续发展提出了建议.

Division of land gradient zone and analysis of landscape structure in eastern Harbin urban and suburb

Taking Harbin and the eastern suburb as study area, this paper targeted to the division of the land gradient zones in the region as well as the intrinsic mechanism causing the landscape differentiation. Specifically, this study focused on the characteristics of the landscape structure based on the quantity changes of the land types between the city and the rural areas. With a study scope of 35 km from east to west and 16 km from north to south, the study area was averaged into 14 continuous gradient zones of 2.5 km from east to west and 16 km from north to south. All the gradient zones were categorized into three groups of urban area, suburb area, and far\|suburb area according to the construction and road density of the gradient zones.. Computer visual interpretation was used for the land type identification and regionalization, where the length and area for the land types in each gradient zone was calculated using GIS spatial analysis tools. Spatial structure characteristics of the green landscape for each gradients zone were studied for Harbin and the eastern suburbs regions based on the above calculations and analysis. Taking greenland construction as the core with consideration of the characteristics of urban landscape structure and spatial pattern, causes for landscape differentiation among varied gradients zones of different urban and suburb areas were further analyzed and discussed. Results showed that the regional road and building density, to a certain extent, reflects the process of urbanization of the local area, which was used as the criterion for dividing Harbin and the suburb areas into three categories of urban area, suburb area, and far\|suburb area. Additionally, it is noticed that characteristics for humane landscape and green landscape varied from gradient zone to gradient zone. At last, the intrinsic mechanism of this kind of gradient characteristic was analyzed and discussed with some recommendation on the future construction of the greenland and the entire landscape for the study area as well as recommendation for local sustainable development.