21世纪以来闽三角城市群人类景观开发强度的时空演变——基于能值-GIS方法

在快速的城市化进程中,城市群作为城市发展到成熟阶段的高级空间组织形式,其在推进城市群区域社会经济一体化的同时,也在一定程度上加剧了城市群的人地关系矛盾和景观开发强度。为量化城市群的人类景观开发强度,揭示自然环境对人类资源消耗过程的压力响应机制,选取闽三角城市群在2000、2005和2013年的夜间灯光数据(DMSP/OLS)作为刻画人类经济活动范围的基础数据,通过能值分析理论,耦合可更新能源(太阳能、风能、地热能和降雨化学能等)与基于统计数据的不可更新能源进行能值核算,并进一步描述人类景观开发强度(Landscape development intensity,LDI)的时空演变特征,基于人类活动对自然生态系统的干扰程度划分为5级进行空间展示与分析。结果表明:(1)在时间尺度上,闽三角城市群的年可更新能值密度均值在2000、2005和2013年,分别为9.42×10~(16) sej/hm~2、7.25×10~(16) sej/hm~2和7.88×10~(16) sej/hm~2,呈现出先减后增的趋势,在空间尺度上,闽三角城市群可更新资源由环海湾地带向内陆地区呈环形逐层增加,其中在2000年表现尤为明显;(2)在不可更新资源的利用上,闽三角城市群的本地不可更新能源能值投入在2000、2005和2013年,分别为4.64×10~(24) sej、4.63×10~(24) sej和4.66×10~(24) sej,只出现轻微浮动,而外部输入能源的能值投入则在2000、2005和2013年,分别为1.41×10~(24) sej、3.18×10~(24) sej和5.71×10~(24) sej呈现逐年上升趋势,且其中对原煤的需求表现最高,占比高达90%;(3)LDI在空间分布上,自内陆至沿海干扰等级逐渐上升,其中,强度干扰与剧烈干扰主要覆盖厦门市、龙海市、晋江市和石狮市;在时间分布上,呈现出强度干扰和剧烈干扰逐渐增大的趋势。研究有助于政府对不同干扰等级区域的城乡建设与规划管理提供决策依据,为实现城市群可持续发展提供数据参考。

Temporal and spatial evolution of human landscape development in the Fujian delta urban agglomeration in the 21st Century: Based on emergy-GIS approach

In the rapid urbanization processes, urban agglomerations as a senior spatial organization of urban development at a mature stage. Urban agglomerations promote regional societies and economic integration, but can result in conflicts between the natural environment and human activities, particularly because of landscape development intensity. In order to quantify the collisions and reveal the pressure response mechanisms between the natural environment and human resource utilization, this study first opted the Fujian delta urban agglomeration night light data (DMSP/OLS) from 2000, 2005, and 2013 as the fundamental data for an analysis of the realm of human economic activities. And emergy analysis theory was used to account for renewable emergy (solar, wind, geothermal, rainfall chemical emergy, etc.), and non-renewable emergy which were based on statistics in the same year. Integrate renewable and non-renewable emergy to further describe the human landscape development intensity (LDI) at spatio-temporal scales. Accordance with the otherness of human activities intensity with the natural ecological system, the LDI values were divided into 5 levels. The results showed:(1) Over the time scale, the mean values for renewable emergy density in 2000, 2005, and 2013 were 9.42×10¹⁶ sej/hm², 7.25×10¹⁶ sej/hm² and 7.88×10¹⁶ sej/hm², respectively, represented a decreasing trend before increasing again. On the spatial scale, renewable resources demonstrated a increase from the gulf zone to the inland area of annularity in the Fujian delta urban agglomeration, which was particularly evident in 2000; (2) As for the use of non-renewable resources, the investments of local non-renewable emergy value were 4.64×10²⁴ sej, 4.63×10²⁴ sej, and 4.66×10²⁴ sej, respectively in 2000, 2005, and 2013 which was change lightly,while the inflows from the outside emergy were 1.41×10²⁴ sej, 3.18×10²⁴ sej and 5.71×10²⁴ sej in 2000, 2005 and 2013, showing a growing tendency, among which the demand for raw coal was the highest, accounting for 90%; (3) In the spatial distribution of LDI, from the inland area to the ring bay area, LDI levels increased, and disturbances with severe interference were mainly observed in Xiamen, Longhai, Jinjiang, and Shishi. In terms of the temporal distribution, the scope of strength intensity and severe interference gradually increased. This research findings of different disturbance levels will help the government provide of a decision-making foundation for urban construction and planning. Meanwhile, provide a datum reference for the sustainable development of urban agglomerations.