基于支付意愿法的黄海海域物种多样性维持服务价值评估(2002-2012)

物种多样性维持是支撑生态系统正常运转的基础性支持服务功能,为生态系统向人类提供服务和生态福利发挥着关键作用。正确认识与评估物种多样性维持服务价值,是开展生态保护决策的基础性工作。基于支付意愿法(也称为条件价值法),开展了2002—2012年黄海物种多样性维持服务价值评估。结果显示,黄海海域沿岸城市居民对于17种黄海珍稀濒危物种生物多样性维持的支付意愿,呈现逐年上升的趋势。截至2012年,总支付意愿高达97.06亿元,其中山东省比例最高(45.75%),相对2002年增长了247%。沿岸9座城市居民对于黄海珍稀濒危物种生物多样性维持的人均支付意愿在121至259元之间,青岛市最高,其次为烟台市和南通市。17种珍稀濒危物种中,以黄岛长吻虫、白枕鹤、丹顶鹤的多样性维持服务价值最高,均超过了8亿元。为黄海生物多样性价值发现、价值展示、价值实现提供科学基础和理论支持。

Valuation on the species diversity maintenance services of the Yellow Sea ecosystem by the willingness to pay method (2002-2012)

As a dominant function in ecosystem, biodiversity has key roles at the ecosystem service hierarchy. Quantification and valuation of the biodiversity service is a critical basis of the ecological protection decision-making. Based on the average willingness to pay of residents for maintenance of rare and the endangered species, the biodiversity maintenance value of the Yellow Sea were estimated from 2002 to 2012. The results showed that the willingness to pay of citizens for maintenance of 17 rare and the endangered species of the Yellow Sea presented a rising trend year by year. By 2012, the total willingness to pay for the 17 species was 9706 billion yuan, with the highest percentage from Shandong province (45.75%), which has increased by 247% compared to that in 2002. The per capita willingness to pay for maintenance of the 17 rare and endangered species of the nine cities along the Yellow Sea was between 121 and 259 yuan. Qingdao toped the list of the per capita willingness to pay, followed by Yantai and Nantong. The biodiversity maintenance value of Saccoglossus hwangtauensis, Grus vipio and Grus japonensis were the highest of the 17 species, more than 0.8 billion yuan each. The results provide scientific basis and theoretical support for protecting and developing of the Yellow Sea biological resources.