利用RFLP分子标记确定导入小麦的鹅观草(R. kamoji)染色体的部分同源群归属

选用来自小麦族7个部分同源群的26个DNA探针对45个小麦-鹅观草衍生后代株系及鹅观草、中国春和扬麦5号亲本进行RFLP分析，结果表明16个小麦-鹅观草异附加系、异代换系或可能的易位系中所涉及鹅观草染色体分别属于第1、3、5、6、7部分同源群。小麦-鹅观草异染色体系中导入的成对鹅观草染色体能够较稳定地遗传给后代。K139、K141、K214、K218、K219、K224二体附加系所添加的鹅观草染色体属第1部分同源群，但K214和K218所添加的鹅观草染色体与K219、K224的添加的鹅观草染色体分别来自鹅观草不同的染色体组。K147端体添加系涉及鹅观草第1部分同源群染色体长臂，而K139、K141和K147所涉及的鹅观草染色体长臂分别来自鹅观草3个不同的染色体组。鹅观草U染色体与小麦第1部分同源群有同源关系，属第1部分同源群的鹅观草染色体尤其是其长臂与赤霉病抗性有关。鹅观草第1部分同源群与第6部分同源群染色体之间可能涉及重排。K203添加的2条鹅观草染色体分别与第1和6部分同源群同源。K166导入鹅观草染色体涉及第5部分同源群短臂。K177（2n=41,20Ⅱ I）中，所渗入的鹅观草染色质涉及第5（5L）、6（6S）、7（SL）部分同源群。鹅观草S、H和Y3个染色体组间具部分同源性。

Homoeologous Grouping of R.kamoji Chromosomes Introduced in Wheat Using RFLP Molecular Marks

Twenty six DNA probes from seven homoeologous groups of triticeae were screened to reveal the RFLP between 45 wheat R. kamoji derivatives and their parents R. kamoji , Chinese Spring, Yangmai 5. The result showed that the introduced R. kamoji chromosomes in 16 wheat R. kamoji alien chromosome lines including additions, substitution or putative translocations were grouped into homoeologous group 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7. Alien chromosome pairs could be readily transmitted into the descendants. The added chromosomes in K139, K141, K214, K218, K219 and K224 disomic addition lines were grouped into homoeologous group 1, but the added chromosomes in K214 and K218 were different from K219 and K224 which originated from different genomes of R. kamoji . Ditelosomic addition line K147 might involve a R. kamoji chromosome long arm homoeologous to group 1 of wheat, and the added R. kamoji 1L chromosomes in K139, K141 and K147 probablyderived from different three genomes of R. kamoji . U chromosome of R. kamoji . showed homology to wheat homoeologous group 1. Homoeologous group 1 chromosome of R. kamoji , particularly its long arm is related to genes for scab resistance. Result also demonstrated a possible rearrangement occurred between homoeologous group 1 and group 6 of R. kamoji . Two R. kamoji chromosomes introduced in K203 were grouped to homoeologous group 1 and 6, respectively. In K166, the introgressed R. kamoji chromosome involved the short arm of group 5. Another alien chromosome line K177 was revealed as to be with introduced chromosome involving group 5L, 6S and 7SL of R. kamoji . Results also confirmed the homoeology between S, H and Y genomes of R. kamoji .