5种叶面肥对草莓光合特性及品质的影响

为探讨不同叶面肥对大棚草莓光合特性、果实品质及产量的影响,并筛选出适宜的叶面肥,以甘肃省兰州市西固区牟家台草莓温室大棚内栽植的草莓品种‘蒙特瑞’为试材,在施肥充足的情况下,在4个生育期追肥喷施经典750倍液（T1）、花仆1500倍液（T2)、润亮750倍液(T3)、艾德拉果500倍液（T4）及磷酸二氢钾1500倍液（T5）5种叶面肥,清水作为对照（CK）,测定了处理植株光合参数、果实品质、生物量及产量等指标。结果表明：（1）喷施不同叶面肥处理后草莓植株生物量、叶绿素含量显著增加,叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著上升,喷施叶面肥后的草莓植株胞间二氧化碳浓度均高于CK;（2）对果实品质而言,T2和T3处理能够显著改善草莓果形指数,T1和T5可以显著增大果实体积和重量。其中,T1的平均单果重较CK增加了5.89 g,T5的果实横径和纵径分别较CK增加了1.22 cm和1.15 cm。（3）实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量和还原糖含量有很明显的提高,并以T1施用效果最佳,较CK分别增加了3.3%、17.25 mg/g、2.71%。处理T1和T3可溶性蛋白含量分别较CK提高了0.097 mg/g和0.070 mg/g;（4）喷施叶面肥能够显著提高草莓单位面积产量,且以处理T1处理产量最高,较CK增长了13.65%。可见,施用适宜的叶面肥均能有效改善草莓营养生长状况,提升草莓果实品质,显著提高产量,并以经典750倍液叶面肥施用综合效果最佳。

Effects of Five Leaf Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality of Strawberry

In order to explore the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics, fruit quality, and yield of greenhouse strawberries, and to screen out suitable foliar fertilizers, the strawberry variety "Monterey" planted in the greenhouse of Moujiatai Strawberry in Xigu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province was used as the test material. Under sufficient fertilization, classic 750 times liquid (T1), Huapu 1500 times liquid (T2), and Runliang 750 times liquid (T3) were applied topdressing at four growth stages Five types of foliar fertilizers, namely 500 fold solution of Adela fruit (T4) and 1500 fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (T5), were used as control (CK) with clear water. The photosynthetic parameters, fruit quality, biomass, and yield of the treated plants were measured. The results showed that: (1) After spraying different foliar fertilizers, the biomass and chlorophyll content of strawberry plants significantly increased, and the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaves significantly increased. The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of strawberry plants after spraying foliar fertilizers was higher than that of CK; (2) In terms of fruit quality, T2 and T3 treatments can significantly improve the strawberry fruit shape index, while T1 and T5 treatments can significantly increase fruit volume and weight. Among them, the average single fruit weight of T1 increased by 5.89 g compared to CK, while the transverse and longitudinal diameters of T5 fruits increased by 1.22 cm and 1.15 cm, respectively. (3) The solid hardness, soluble solid content, vitamin C content, and reducing sugar content have significantly increased, and T1 application has the best effect, increasing by 3.3%, 17.25 mg/g, and 2.71% compared to CK, respectively. The soluble protein content of T1 and T3 increased by 0.097 mg/g and 0.070 mg/g, respectively, compared to CK; (4) Spraying foliar fertilizer can significantly increase the yield per unit area of strawberries, and treatment T1 has the highest yield, an increase of 13.65% compared to CK. It can be seen that the application of appropriate foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the nutritional growth status of strawberries, enhance the quality of strawberry fruits, significantly increase yield, and the comprehensive effect is best when applying classic 750 times liquid foliar fertilizer.