悦目金蛛和棒络新妇卵袋丝物理化学结构表征及其力学性能研究

蜘蛛丝是一种具有优良机械性能的天然动物蛋白纤维，它特有的结构和性能与其生物学功能密切相关。作者采用氨基酸自动分析仪、傅立叶转换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和电子单纤强力仪对悦目金蛛（Argiope amoena）和棒络新妇（Nephila clavata）的卵袋丝进行了物理化学结构表征与力学性能的研究，结果表明两种蜘蛛卵袋均由微米级柱状腺丝、大壶状腺丝、亚微米级或纳米级葡萄状腺丝构成。卵袋丝的表面形貌特征、极性氨基酸含量、大侧链与小侧链氨基酸的比值、无定型区、β-折叠结构与结晶结构的含量等氨基酸组成种类与蛋白质二级结构特征，均满足各自生物学功能对断裂强度、延展性、初始模量等力学性能的要求。

Physico-Chemical Structural Characterizations and Mechanical Properties of Egg Case Silk from The Two Spiders:Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata

Spider silk is the result of 400 million years of evolution and an attractive natural animal protein fibers for its excellent mechanical properties. The biological function and spider life history have shaped the silk structures and mechanical properties. Here the authors examined the egg case silks from the orb web spider, Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata by the automatic amino acid analyzer, SEM, FTIR and electric single-fiber tensile apparatus with the goal of expanding our understanding of the relationship between the structure, mechanical performance and biological function of these unique biomaterials. The results indicated that the egg case of these two spiders was composed of the micron-sized cylindrical and major ampullate silk and submicron-sized or nanoscale aciniform silk. The physical (e.g. diameter, morphologies), amino acid composition (e.g. polar, glycine, serine, proline, large and small side chains amino acid) and secondary structure (e.g.β-sheet crystalline, amorphous domains ) characteristics of egg case silk all matched to the mechanical (e.g. break strength, extensibility, initial modulus) requirements for their biological or ecological functions respectively.