独行菜族8属(十字花科)植物果实及种子微形态研究

采用GMA(Glycol methacrylate,乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)半薄切片法,利用比较解剖学对独行菜族中代表植物8属25种果实及种子微形态结构进行观察分析。同时,以菥蓂属菥蓂为例详细介绍了假隔膜的形成过程。结果显示独行菜族果实及种子微形态特征明显,果实均为短角果,除厚壁荠属和沙芥属果实为背腹压扁外,其他属种均为两侧压扁;果实边缘有翅为独行菜族的典型特征,可分为周翅、微翅、宽翅及披针形翅;部分果皮细胞有纤维层,偶有木化,除菘蓝属、厚壁荠属、沙芥属无假隔膜结构外,其他属种均具有明显的假隔膜。种子大小为(0.8~10)mm×(0.5~2.8)mm,种皮纹饰丰富,遇水或潮湿环境可形成粘液种子。种皮通常由薄壁细胞构成,偶有木化,具内含物;除高河菜属和菥蓂属子叶与胚根的排列方式为子叶缘倚,其他属种均为子叶背倚。假隔膜为内果皮细胞向内延伸连接而成。本文完善了独行菜族果实及种子微形态结构信息,为分子系统学等其他相关研究提供基础资料。

Fruit and Seed Morphology of 8 Genera of Trib. Lepidieae(Cruciferae)

The GMA semi-thin section method and comparative was used to analyze the fruits and seeds microstructure of 8 genus 25 races of Trib. Lepidieae. The forming process of the pseudoseptum was described in detail by taking the example of Thlaspi arvense. The fruits and seeds of the Trib. Lepidieae have obviously micromorphological characteristics that are silicle, except the types of fruit flattening of Pachypterygium and Pugionium are dorsal others are both sides; The edge of the fruit with wings is typical characteristics of Trib. Lepidieae. It can be divided into four types:surround wing, tiny wing, wide wing and lance shaped wing. Some pericarp cells have fibrous layer and occasionally lignification, and the others have pseudoseptum except Isatis, Pachypterygium and Pugionium. The seeds size are (0.8-10) mm×(0.5-2.8) mm which coats ornamentation is abundant, and generally, sticky seeds can be formed when exposed to water or damp environment. Testa is usually composed of parenchyma cells with occasional lignification and often contains inclusions. Arrangement of cotyledons and radicals are incumbent except Megacarpaea and Thlaspi. The pseudoseptum is formed by connecting endocarp cells to extend inward. The information of the fruits and seeds microstructure of Trib. Lepidieae are perfected, which will provide basic information for other related researches such as molecular systematics.