中国鼠李科植物属的空间分布特点研究

在ArcGIS软件中,以中国鼠李科植物物种分布数据为基础,以县为基本单元,制作属的空间分布数据,从空间分布图中提取各属的斑块面积、周长、数目,计算属的Simpson均匀度指数、形状指数及最大斑块指数,分析中国鼠李科植物属的空间分布特点,为确定其空间分布最小范围、定量研究及植物的保护、利用、资源的开发和恢复提供依据。结果表明:①麦珠子属、对刺藤属、苞叶木属、小勾儿茶属、蛇藤属、咀签属和翼核果属为狭域属,马甲子属、猫乳属、雀梅藤属、枳椇属、勾儿茶属、枣属和鼠李属为广域属,狭域属和广域属均占中国鼠李科植物总属数的50%。狭域属的总面积小于30×10⁴km²,其中小勾儿茶属主要分布在我国亚热带中部,其他狭域属主要分布在北回归线附近及其以南地区;广域属的总面积大于40×10⁴km²,分布在我国大部分地区,西北地区呈零星分布。②中国鼠李科植物中,鼠李属的分布范围和总面积最大,几乎涵盖所有属的分布范围,它能体现出鼠李科植物在中国的空间分布及其特点。③麦珠子属是中国鼠李科植物中唯一呈连续分布且分布最狭窄的属,其他属均为间断分布。苞叶木属、咀签属、勾儿茶属和鼠李属呈现只有主分布区,对刺藤属、雀梅藤属和枳椇属呈主次分布区,小勾儿茶属、蛇藤属、翼核果属、马甲子属、猫乳属和枣属均呈星散分布。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of All Genera in Rhamnaceae of China

Spatial distribution characteristics of all genera in Rhamnaceae of China are based on the distribution data of species of Rhamnaceae in China and county of China.Spatial distribution data of genera were made in ArcGIS software.Area,perimeter and number of every patch were gotten from the maps.Simpson’s evenness indexes,shape indexes and largest patch indexes were calculated.Spatial distribution characteristics of all genera in Rhamnaceae can be analyzed.The experiment was conducted to determine the minimum range of spatial distribution,quantitative research,plant protection,utilization,resource development and restoration.Results showed that:①Alphitonia,Scutia,Chaydaia,Berchemiella,Colubrina,Gouania and Ventilago are stenochoric genera.Paliurus,Rhamnella,Sageretia,Hovenia,Berchemia,Ziziphus and Rhamnus are eurychoric genera.Both the stenochoric genera and eurychoric genera account for 50%of the total genera of Rhamnaceae in China.The total area of stenochoric genera is less than 30×10⁴km²,Berchemiella mainly distribute in the central subtropical zone of China.Other stenochoric genera mainly distribute near the tropic of cancer and south of it.The total area of eurychoric genera is greater than 40×10⁴km².They are distributed in most parts of our country,and scattered in the northwest.②Rhamnus has the largest distribution range and total area in Rhamnaceae of China,which almost covers the distribution range of all other genera.It can reflect the spatial distribution and characteristics of Rhamnaceae in China.③Alphitonia is the only genus of continuous and the narrowest distribution of Rhamnaceae in China,and other genera are disjunction.Chaydaia,Gouania,Berchemia and Rhamnus only have the main distribution area.Scutia,Sageretia and Hovenia have main and secondary area.Berchemiella,Colubrina,Ventilago,Paliurus,Rhamnella and Ziziphus are all scattered area.