佤族的体质特征

调查了442例(男258例,女184例)佤族人的67项(观察项目9项,测量项目58项)体质人类学指标,计算了31项体质指数值,统计了部分指数的分型情况。研究结果显示:佤族人内眦褶率低(16.1%),上眼睑皱褶率高(96.8%),鼻根高度、鼻翼高度与上唇皮肤部高度均为中等型,耳垂多为圆型(58.1%),发色多为黑色,眼色多为褐色,肤色多为黄色。身高均数男为160.4cm,女为150.7cm,男女均为亚中等身材。体重均数男为54.9kg女为49.1kg。按指数分型标准,男女均以圆头型、高头型、阔头型、狭面型、狭鼻型、长躯干型、中腿型、中胸型出现率最高。此外,男性以宽肩型、中骨盆型出现率最高;女性的中肩型、窄骨盆型出现率最高。对包括佤族在内的我国32个人群(南、北方各16个人群)13项体质指标值主成分分析,结果显示佤族人身材矮小、纤瘦,面部及五官高度值较大,头长值较小,头面部及五官宽度值较大。佤族人具有蒙古人种南亚类型的体质特征。本文对佤族人体质特征形成的原因进行了初步分析。

A Study on the Physical Characteristics of Wa Nationality

In this study,the physical characteristics of 442 adults(258 males and 184 females) of Wa nationality were investigated.Thirty-one physical indices were calculated and the their distributions determined.The results of this work are as follows.The percentage of a Mongoloid fold is low(16.1%),whereas the percentage of the eye fold of the upper eyelid is high(96.8%).The nasal root height,the alae nasi height and upper lip height are medium in size.Ear lobe types are mostly rounded(58.1%).The color of hair,eye and skin was most frequently black,brown and yellow.The average stature was 160.4 cm for males and 150.7cm for females,which indicates classification to the sub-middle type.The average weight was 54.9 kg for males and 49.1 kg.According to the anthropometric standards for males and females,types of physical characteristics of Wa nationality are frequently identified as brachycephaly,hypsicephalic type,tapeinocephalic type,leptorosopy,leptorrhiny,long length of trunk type,mesatiskelic type,and medium chest circumference.The wide breadth of shoulder and medium distance between iliac crests were highest in males,while females had more characteristically a medium breadth of shoulder and a narrow distance between the iliac crests.Principal Component Analysis(PCA) results of 32 Chinese nationalities(16 each from northern and southern China) including the Wa nationality shows that the stature of this group is small and slim,with small maximum head length,and facial height and the five sensory organs relatively large.Thus,the physical characteristics of the Wa nationality belongs to South Asian type of Mongoloid race.