蛹虫草子囊孢子萌发及其后代群体培养性状观察

从野生和人工栽培的蛹虫草子实体共分离了6个子囊孢子群体,对子囊孢子形态、萌发过程、培养性状及子实体产生等进行了观察。结果表明,蛹虫草子囊孢子为线形、多细胞,169.78~364.57×1.72~2.04μm;每个子囊孢子有56~114个细胞,每个细胞大小为1.77~4.53×1.72~2.04μm。子囊孢子弹射后13h开始萌发,30h后开始形成分生孢子。多数子囊孢子的每个细胞都能萌发,但少数子囊孢子的部分细胞不萌发。子囊孢子群体的培养性状表现多样性,以I型所占比列较大。野生群体的菌落颜色以杏橙色和淡柠檬黄色为主,而人工栽培的群体以橙铬色所占比例最大。不同个体的菌落生长速率有差异。野生群体产生扇形突变的比例高于人工栽培群体。在人工栽培的CM群体中出现了气生菌丝较多、白色、生长缓慢的个体。菌落为I型,橙铬色或杏橙色,生长速率正常,无突变的单子囊孢子菌株产生子实体的可能性较大,子实体产量较高,但大部分单子囊孢子菌株不能产生发育良好的子实体。

CORDYCEPS MILITARIS: ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGENY POPULATION

Six progeny populations were isolated from wild and artificial cultivated fruitbody of Cordyceps militaris. Morphology, germination, cultural characteristics of ascospores and fruitbody-producing ability were observed. The results indicated that the ascospores were thread-like multi-celled, consisted of 56~114 cells, and each cell was 1.77~4.53×1.72~2.04 μm. Ascospores were 169.78~364.57×1.72~2.04 μm in size. Most ascospores germinated in 13h after shooting out from the fruitbody, and conidial sporulation was in 30h. All the cells of an ascospore could germinate in most cases, but partial cells could not germinate in some ascospores. The cultural characteristics of the colony showed diversity, and most belonged to type I. The colony of progeny from wild fruitbody mainly showed Apricot Orange and Pale Lemon Yellow, while most colonies from artificial cultivation were Orange Chrome. The colony growth rate was different among individuals in one population. The proportion of sector mutation in the populations from wild fruitbody was higher than that from artificial cultivated fruitbody. It was found that a kind of strains had more aerial mycelia, white and grew slowly in CM population. Single-ascospore strains whose colony belonged to type I and was Orange Chrome or Apricot Orange, grew normally and no mutation occurred, had more probability producing fruitbody and the yield of fruitbodies was higher. While most of the single-ascosopre strains could not produce well developed fruitbody.