水稻中硅的营养功能及生理机制的研究进展

尽管硅还没有被列为植物生长的必需营养元素,但它在水稻生长发育、产量与品质形成、矿质营养吸收以及逆境生理等方面都具有重要的作用。硅不仅是水稻细胞结构成分和组成物质,还参与调节水稻各种生理生化代谢过程,促进光合作用,改善冠层结构,增强抗倒伏能力,提高群体质量,促进产量、品质和肥料吸收利用效率的协同提高。硅通过物理途径或生理生化途径增强水稻对重金属、盐渍、干旱、紫外线、高温等非生物胁迫以及病虫生物胁迫的抵抗力。还展望了水稻中硅研究的未来发展。

Progress in Research of Nutrition Functions and Physiological Mechanisms of Silicon in Rice

Although silicon has not been listed as an essential element for the majority of plant species, it plays an important role in growth, formation of grain yield and quality, mineral nutrient uptake and stress physiology in rice. Silicon is not only structural composition and substances in the cell, but also involved in regulating a series of physiological biochemical metabolism in rice. For example, it promotes photosynthesis, improves canopy structure and the resistance to lodging and increases population quality, to achieve increasing grain yield, quality, fertilization uptake and use efficiency jointly. Movever, silicon could strengthen the resistance to abiotic stress, such as heavy metals, salt, drought, ultraviolet and high temperature, and biological stress of diseases and insects improved by physical or physiological biochemical approaches. Finally, the development of silicon on rice in the future is forecasted.