DNA数据存储技术原理及其研究进展

信息生产与数据存储能力之间的差距日益扩大,急需分子数据存储等高密度持久性信息保存替代方案,基于脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的数据存储因在信息保留时间、物理密度和体积编码容量等方面优于多数传统存储介质,而广受关注.本文概述了DNA数据存储技术的基本原理,总结了体外DNA存储数据库与体内分子存储器系统的研究进展,讨论了基于DNA分子的数据存储系统所涉及的各种影响因素以及面临的挑战.

Principle and Progress of DNA Data Storage

The gap between information production and data storage capacity is continuously growing, so there is an urgent need for new methods of high-density, persistent data storage. With advances in DNA synthesis and sequencing, attempts have been made to use synthetic DNA for data storage and information exchange. DNA storage has many advantages compared with hard disk information storage, including high information density specificity (data bits per gram) and long storage time. Using different algorithmic strategies, text, images, audio, and movies have been encoded into synthetic DNA for storage. In addition to big data storage applications, DNA may be valuable in the exchange of classified information. This review summarizes the basic principles of DNA data storage, introduces research progress into DNA storage in vitro,and analyzes works concerning data size, logic density, and DNA synthesis. We also describe in vivo molecular memory systems, including the adoption of CRISPR to design the DNA storage system. Finally, we discuss various influencing factors and challenges of data storage systems based on DNA.