昆虫内共生菌沃尔巴克氏体抗病毒研究进展

植物病毒病是危害我国蔬菜生产的第一大病害,而烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius、蓟马和蚜虫等小型昆虫是蔬菜病毒病的主要传播媒介.虫传病毒病害的防控策略复杂且难度大,目前生产上主要依赖化学农药防治介体昆虫,预防与控制蔬菜病毒病.种植户化学杀虫药剂的不合理使用、甚至滥用,导致媒介昆虫抗药性、杀虫剂污染与残留等问题,严重威胁农产品安全与生态安全.发展高效控制媒介昆虫及其传播重大病毒病害防控技术是保障食品安全、蔬菜产业健康可持续发展的迫切需求.内共生菌沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia是节肢动物体内广泛存在并经卵传播的革兰氏阴性胞内次生共生细菌,约65％的昆虫天然携带沃尔巴克氏体.沃尔巴克氏体对宿主昆虫具有胞质不亲和、产雌孤雌生殖、雌性化或者杀雄作用等生殖调控作用,同时抑制虫媒病毒病在昆虫体内的复制和传播.基于沃尔巴克氏体的蚊媒及蚊媒病毒病控制研究与应用取得了重大进展,现就沃尔巴克氏体抗病毒及其应用的最新进展和未来发展进行综述,为发展蔬菜害虫及其传播病毒病防控技术提供新思路.

Advance in research on antiviral effect of Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacteria

Plant virus disease is the most serious disease of vegetable production in China, whiteflies, thrips, aphids and other small insects are the main vectors of vegetable virus disease. The prevention and control strategies of insect borne virus diseases are complex and difficult. To prevent and control the vegetable virus diseases, chemical control is the main strategy used by the farmers. In addition, the unreasonable use and abuse of chemical insecticides by growers result into the vector insect resistance, pesticide pollution and residues, which seriously threaten the safety of agricultural products and ecological security. To ensure food safety and sustainable development of vegetable industry, it is urgent to develop an effective technology for controlling vector insects and insect vectoring virus diseases. Wolbachia , an endosymbiotic bacterium, is a gram-negative intracellular secondary symbiotic bacterium that widely exists in arthropods and spreads through eggs. About 65% of insects naturally carry Wolbachia. Wolbachia regulates the reproduction of host insects, such as Cytoplasmic Incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization or emasculation, and inhibition of the replication and transmission of Arbovirus in insects. Great progress has been made in the research and application of control mosquito and mosquito borne virus disease based on Wolbachia application. In this paper, the recent progress and prospective of Wolbachia antiviral and its application are reviewed, which provides a new idea for the development of prevention and control technology of vegetable pests and their vectoring virus diseases.