曲靖市沾益区红火蚁发生规律研究

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是国际最具危险性的入侵性物种之一，传播扩散速度快、适生能力强。云南由于其独特的地理和气候环境，给红火蚁的入侵和发生提供了丰富的栖息环境和食物。本研究对云南高海拔冷凉区域人工草坪条件下红火蚁婚飞有翅蚁、工蚁活动规律，以及蚁巢变化规律进行了系统的调查研究。结果表明，在人工草坪条件下，红火蚁婚飞活动主要发生在每年的5-8月，6月初和8月初为婚飞生殖蚁发生高峰期，婚飞生殖蚁数量分别达到390.33头/1 000 m^2和523.33头/1 000 m^2，分别占到全年婚飞生殖蚁总量的25.19%和33.77%；诱集工蚁数量在6月下旬-7月上旬、8月下旬-9月下旬达到两个高峰，合计诱集数量分别为634.66头/1 000 m^2和1 636.00头/1 000 m^2，分别占到全年诱集工蚁总量的44.59%和17.30%；新增蚁巢数量在6月1日-7月1日、8月16日、9月15日-12月16日、次年3月14日-4月15日为4个增长阶段，新增蚁巢数量分别为9.66个/1 000 m^2、4.33个/1 000 m^2、5.67个/1 000 m^2、2.00个/1 000 m^2、分别占到全年新增蚁巢总数的44.62%、20.00%、26.15%、9.23%。综合婚飞年度规律、全年诱集工蚁数量、活动蚁巢数量和新增蚁巢数量方面的结果，人工草坪条件下，6-9月为红火蚁的活动发生高峰期，结合当地的实际情况，建议每年的4-6月和8-9月采用毒饵与粉剂相结合的方式进行防治，在12月份采用低毒农药灌巢进行防治。

Study on occurrence regularity of Solenopsis invicta in Zhanyi District, Yunnan

Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world, with rapid spread and strong adaptability. There is a unique geographical and climatic environment, rich habitat and food are more suitable for the invasion and occurrence of S. invicta, in Yunnan. In this study, the activity regularity of nuptial flights reproductive ants and worker ants, as well as the changes of ant nests were systematically investigated under the conditions of artificial lawn in cold and high-altitude area of Yunnan. The results showed that the nuptial flights mainly occurred from May to August, and the peak of nuptial flights reproductive ants occurred in early June and early August. The number of nuptial flights reproductive ants reached 390.33 /1 000 m^2 and 523.33 /1 000 m^2 which were accounted for 25.19% and 33.77% of the total number of nuptial flights reproductive ants for the annual total, respectively. The number of lured worker ants reached two peaks from late June to early July and from late August to late September, and the number of lured workers ants was 634.66 /1 000 m^2 and 1 636.00 /1 000 m^2, accounted for 44.59% and 17.30% of the total number of lured workers ants for the annual total, respectively. The number of newly emerged ant nests increased from June 1 to July 1, August 16, September 15 to December 16, and March 14 to April 15 of the next year. The number of newly emerged ant nests was 9.66 /1 000 m^2, 4.33 /1 000 m^2, 5.67 /1 000 m^2 and 2.00 /1 000 m^2, accounting for 44.62%, 20.00%, 26.15% and 9.23% of the total number of newly emerged ant nests in the year, respectively. Based on the results of the annual regularity of nuptial flights reproductive ants,the number of worker ants,active ant nests and newly emerged nests, the activity peak of S. invicta occurred from June to September on the lawn. Combining with the actual situation of the local, it is recommended to use poison bait method in Apr to June and August to September, and to irrigate of nest use low-toxicity pesticides in December for S. invicta control.