塞罕坝自然保护区樟子松不同林分类型对昆虫群落多样性的影响

为研究近自然森林经营下的樟子松人工林不同林分类型对昆虫群落多样性的影响,本文以塞罕坝自然保护区内的樟子松纯林与混交林作为研究对象,对5种林分类型(樟子松、樟子松-落叶松、樟子松-白桦、樟子松-山荆子、樟子松-落叶松-白桦-山荆子-山刺玫)中的昆虫多样性进行分析.共获得昆虫标本9617头,隶属于7目70科195种,以双翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目为优势类群.5种不同林分类型中的昆虫物种均比较丰富,且各林分类型之间的昆虫群落结构均处于中等不相似水平,樟子松混交林内的昆虫物种数和个体数均高于纯林,但昆虫群落特征指数在不同林分类型之间无显著差异.主成分分析显示,植食性类群、捕食性类群和寄生性类群是构成昆虫群落结构的主要成分,且捕食性和寄生性等天敌类群对植食性类群的制约作用较强,各林分内昆虫群落结构均具有较高的稳定性.

Effects of different forest stand types of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on insect community diversity in Saihanba Nature Reserve,North China

In order to study the effects of different stand types of Mongolian scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) on the diversity of insect community in the plantation under close-to-nature forest management, the structure of the insect community was studied in five stand types of the Mongolian scots pine pure forest and mixed forests in Saihanba Nature Reserve. The insects were collected by the sweep net method, and the diversity index, similarity, principal component, and stability of insect communities in different forest types were analyzed. In total, 9617 insects, belonging to 7 orders, 70 families, 195 species, were collected, and the Diptera, Hemipteran and Coleopteran were the dominant groups. The insect species in 5 stand types were all rich, and the insect community structure among the different stands reached a moderate dissimilar level. The species and individual number of mixed forest was more than those of pure forest. There was no significant difference among different stand types in insect community character indices. Principal component analysis indicated that phytophagous group, predatory group and parasitic group in each stand type were the main factors influencing the community structure, and predatory group and parasitic group had a stronger control effect on phytophagous group. The structure of insect community in the diffe-rent forest stand types had relatively high stability.