腐植酸类物质的施用对盐碱地的改良效果

采用田间小区试验方法,以生化腐植酸(OHA)、氨化腐植酸(AHA)和微生物活化腐植酸(MHA)为试验材料,探讨了3种腐植酸类物质对盐碱地的改良效果.结果表明: 与对照单施化肥相比,在盐碱地上增施不同的腐植酸类物质,当季对土壤pH的影响不明显.但3种腐植酸类物质均表现出了一定的降低土壤电导率(EC)、水溶性Na⁺和K⁺含量以及钠吸附比(SAR)的效果,影响深度均达0~40 cm土层.降低土壤EC的效果以OHA最优,但降低土壤水溶性Na⁺和K⁺含量以及SAR的效果3种材料间差异不大.此外,腐植酸类物质在降低土壤NO₃^--N含量,增加土壤NH₄⁺-N、可溶性有机氮(SON)和可溶性全氮(TSN)含量方面也有积极作用,且AHA和MHA作用效果优于OHA.添加3种腐植酸类物质均可提高土壤速效磷含量,其中以MHA效果最佳.增施腐植酸类物质可显著提高玉米灌浆期功能叶的SPAD值和玉米产量,但3种供试腐植酸类物质间差异不显著.腐植酸类物质对氮、磷肥表观利用率的影响表现为AHA>MHA>OHA,而OHA处理的氮、磷肥农学效率最高,AHA处理的氮、磷肥偏生产力最高.

Amelioration effect of humic acid on saline-alkali soil

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three types of humic acid, i.e. oxidized humic acid (OHA), aminated humic acid (AHA) and microbial-humic acid (MHA), on physico-chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and maize growth. Results showed that the application of all humic acid materials had no significant effect on soil pH in the current season. However, the soil electrical conductivity (EC), the contents of water-soluble Na⁺ and K⁺, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreased under all three treatments of humic acid application measured in up to 40 cm soil depth. OHA had the strongest effect in reducing soil EC, while no significant differences were detected among the three tested materials in reducing contents of water-solu-ble Na⁺ and K⁺ and SAR. In addition, humic acid reduced soil NO₃^--N content and increased soil NH₄⁺-N content, soluble organic nitrogen (SON) content and total soluble nitrogen (TSN) content, with higher effects of AHA and MHA than OHA. Moreover, the application of humic acid materials increased the content of soil available phosphorus, which was most significant in MHA. Humic acid addition could significantly enhance the yield and function leaf SPAD value of maize, which did not vary among the tested humic acid materials. The rank of effect size on apparent utilization efficiency of N and P fertilizer was in the order of AHA>MHA>OHA. While OHA treatment had the highest agronomic efficiency of N and P, AHA treatment achieved the highest partial factor productivity of applied N and P.