供氮水平对不同砧穗组合苹果叶片衰老及13C、 15N分配利用的影响

砂培条件下,以2年生烟富3/八棱海棠(乔化)、烟富3/M7(半矮化)和烟富3/M26/八棱海棠(矮化)为试材,采用C、N双标记示踪技术,研究供氮水平(0N、25%N和100%N,100%N为Hoagland完全营养液中的N量)对不同砧穗组合苹果叶片衰老及¹³C、 ¹⁵N分配利用的影响.结果表明:在秋梢停长期,在同一氮素胁迫(0N和25%N)下植株叶片的叶绿素、氮含量和光合速率均以烟富3/八棱海棠最大,其次是烟富3/M7,烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最小,而正常氮素处理(100%N)均以烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最大,其次是烟富3/M7,烟富3/八棱海棠最小;在同一氮素胁迫水平下叶片的SOD和CAT活性均为烟富3/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/M26/八棱海棠,而正常氮素水平均为烟富3/M26/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/八棱海棠;在同一氮素水平下,3种砧穗组合苹果植株根和叶片的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率存在显著差异,氮素胁迫处理植株根的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率最高,表现为烟富3/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/M26/八棱海棠,而正常氮素处理植株叶片的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率最高,表现为烟富3/M26/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/八棱海棠.在不同氮素水平下,3种砧穗组合苹果植株氮肥利用率存在显著差异,且均以烟富3/八棱海棠植株最大,分别为44.3%、37.5%和31.4%,其次是烟富3/M7,分别为38.8%、30.7%和 26.6%,烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最小,分别为32.0%、27.2%和22.5%.

Effects of nitrogen-supply levels on leaf senescence and characteristics of distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N in Fuji 3 apple grafted on different stocks

Two-year-old potted Fuji 3 apple trees on different rootstocks Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin (joe), Fuji 3/M7 (semi-dwarf) and Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin (dwarf)] were used to study leaf morphology and photosynthesis and the characteristics of distribution and utilization of ¹³C and ¹⁵N at different nitrogen supply levels (0N, 25%N and 100%N, the N content in 100% N treatment was the same as that in Hoagland complete nutrient solution) under sand culture condition. The main results were as follows: At shoot growth cessation stage in autumn, the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate were found the highest in Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin, followed by Fuji 3/M7, and the lowest was found in Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin under the same nitrogen stress treatments (0N and 25%N), however, under normal nitrogen treatment (100%N) Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin had the highest leaf SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and the nitrogen content, followed by Fuji 3/M7, and the lowest was found in Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin. The leaf SOD and CAT activities showed Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin under the same nitrogen stress treatments, but showed Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin under the normal nitrogen treatment. There were significant differences in the distributions of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in root and leaf in the 3 scion-stock combinations, and the distribution rates of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in roots were the highest under nitrogen stress treatments and in the order of Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin. The distribution rates of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in leaves were the highest under the normal nitrogen treatment and in the order of Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin > Fuji 3/M7 > Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin. The ¹⁵N utilization ratio differed significantly among the 3 scion-stock combinations under different nitrogen application levels and was in the order of Fuji 3/M. micromalus Makin (44.3%, 37.5% and 31.4%)> Fuji 3/M7 (38.8%,30.7% and 26.6%) > Fuji 3/M26/M. micromalus Makin (32.0%,27.2% and 22.5%).