连续施肥对农田黑土微生物功能多样性的影响

应用Biolog Eco微平板培养法研究了中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站20余年连续不同施肥处理(对照、氮磷钾、氮磷钾+秸秆、氮磷钾+猪粪1、氮磷钾+猪粪2和氮磷钾+猪粪3)下土壤微生物代谢功能多样性的变化。结果表明:长期施肥条件下,单施化肥和有机肥与化肥配施对土壤细菌、真菌数量影响不明显,但高量有机肥与化肥配施可以显著增加放线菌数量。Biolog结果表明,施用有机肥的平均颜色变化率高于单施化肥和对照。Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数均是有机肥和化肥配施高于化肥单施与对照。主成分分析结果表明,对照、NPK与其他几种处理有较明显的距离,说明有机肥的连年施用导致了土壤微生物代谢功能多样性的变化。

Effects of continuous fertilization on microbial functional diversity in black soil under cropland

By using Biolog EcoPlate, this paper studied the functional diversity of microbial communities in a black soil under cropland in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under effects of 20-year fertilizations (CK, NPK, NPK + crop straw, NPK + pig manure 1, NPK + pig manure 2, and NPK + pig manure 3). Chemical fertilization and its combination with organic fertilization had little effects on the counts of soil bacteria and fungi, but chemical fertilization combined with high application rates of organic manure resulted in a pronounced increase of actinomycetes. The Biolog analysis indicated that organic fertilization induced a higher average well color development (AWCD), as compared with chemical fertilization and CK, and organic plus chemical fertilization resulted in the higher values of Shannon, Simpson and McIntosh indices, as compared with chemical fertilization and CK. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that continuous application of organic manure or crop straw led to the changes in microbial communities functional diversity.