贵州仙家洞和忆苦洞洞穴动物群落多样性及其环境因子的影响

为了解矿区洞穴动物群落多样性特征及其影响因素,于2019年3月对贵州松桃锰矿区仙家洞和忆苦洞的动物进行了调查,运用主成分(PCA)综合分析了环境因子对洞穴动物群落多样性的影响,并利用潜在生态危害指数对洞穴内土壤重金属的生态风险水平进行了评价.结果 表明:共获动物标本445号,隶属4门8纲18目32科,其中仙家洞178号...

Diversity of cave animal communities and the influence of environmental factors in Xianjia cave and Yiku cave in Guizhou

To understand the community diversity of cave animals and its influencing factors in mining area,a survey was conducted in March 2019 on the cave animals of Xianjia cave and Yiku cave in Songtao Mining Area,Guizhou Province.The effects of environmental factors on the diversity of cave animal communities were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and the ecological risk level of soil heavy metals in caves was evaluated by the Hakanson potential ecological hazard index.A total of 445 animal specimens were collected,belonging to 4 phyla,8 classes,18 orders,32 families,with 178 specimens being collected from Xianjia cave(38 species) and 267 being collected from Yiku cave(32 species).The highest Shannon index,Margalef index,Evenness index,and Simpson index were found in light zone of Yiku cave(2.6222),light zone of Xianjia cave(6.0164),weak-light zone of Xianjia cave(0.9314),and dark zone of Xianjia cave(0.4027),respectively.Species richness,Shannon index,and Margalef index decreased in the order of light zone > weak-light zone > dark zone.The similarity index between the animal communities of Xianjia cave and Yiku cave was relatively low.PCA results showed that soil organic matter content,soil heavy metal pollution,air CO₂ concentration,cave temperature,and soil Ca content were the main environmental factors affecting the animal community diversity in both caves.The results of risk assessment of potential ecological hazards indicated that Xianjia cave and Yiku cave were at high ecological risk and extremely high ecological risk,respectively.Furthermore,Cd is the primary pollution factor in both caves.