强还原方法对退化设施蔬菜地土壤的修复

设施蔬菜地大量施用化肥及不合理轮作易引起土壤盐分累积、酸化和土传病害的发生,导致土壤退化.快速且有效地改良退化土壤,可以提高蔬菜产量和菜农的经济收入.在蔬菜生长发生障碍的设施土壤中,分别加入0、3.75、7.50和11.3 t·hm^-2的风干紫花苜蓿,淹水条件下密封大棚创造强还原环境31 d,测定土壤理化性质的变化,并记录黄瓜产量.结果表明: 强还原处理使土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)迅速下降至0 mV以下,能有效地消除土壤积累的硝态氮,显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤电导率,其变化幅度随紫花苜蓿添加量的增加而增大.经强还原方法处理后,设施蔬菜地黄瓜产量达到53.3~57.9 t·hm^-2,显著高于上一季未处理黄瓜产量(10.8 t·hm^-2).淹水添加有机物料创造的强还原条件,可以短期内有效地改良退化设施蔬菜地土壤.

Effects of strong reductive approach on remediation of degraded facility vegetable soil.

High application rate of chemical fertilizers and unreasonable rotation in facility vegetable cultivation can easily induce the occurrence of soil acidification, salinization, and serious soil borne diseases, while to quickly and effectively remediate the degraded facility vegetable soil can considerably increase vegetable yield and farmers’ income. In this paper, a degraded facility vegetable soil was amended with 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 11.3 t C·hm-2 of air dried alfalfa and flooded for 31 days to establish a strong reductive environment, with the variations of soil physical and chemical properties and the cucumber yield studied. Under the reductive condition, soil Eh dropped quickly below 0 mV, accumulated soil NO3- was effectively eliminated, soil pH was significantly raised, and soil EC was lowered, being more evident in higher alfalfa input treatments. After treated with the strong reductive approach, the cucumber yield in the facility vegetable field reached 53.3-57.9 t·hm-2, being significantly higher than that in un-treated facility vegetable field in last growth season (10.8 t·hm-2). It was suggested that strong reductive approach could effectively remediate the degraded facility vegetable soil in a short term.