从社区林业的观点探讨西双版纳刀耕火种农业生态系统的演化

1　引　言西双版纳地处我国西南边陲 ,东、南、西三面分别与缅甸、老挝接壤。由于地处热带最北缘 ,是热带与亚热带的交汇地带 ,动植物资源非常丰富 ,一直被誉为“动植物王国的明珠”。近 2× 1 0 4 ｋｍ2(全国总面积的 0 .2 % )分布了我国 2 5%的植物。但是 ,由于几十年不合理的政策和技术指导 ,1 950～ 1 985年期间森林覆盖率从 63%降到 34% ,其中包括了大面积的人工林如橡胶林和其它热带经济林 ,即有林地面积为 6 67× 1 0 5ｈａ ,其中保护区2 0× 1 0 5ｈａ,约占 1 /3。其他国有林 (包括国营橡胶林 )占 1 /3多 ,集体林和自留山占 1 /3多…

The Swidden Cultivation Agro-Ecosystem Succession:From Community Point of View.

Xishuangbanna is one of the highest biological and cultural diversity areas in China, which manifests in the richness of forest management systems practiced by the different ethnic groups. Destruction and fragmentation of tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna however have threatened the wildlife and other biological diversity in the region because of the fragile tropical forest ecosystems.This paper analyzes the swidden agroecosystems in Xishuangbanna based on social organization, customary institutions, resource tenure, indigenous technological knowledge and market economy from community forestry point of views. It concludes that the swidden cultivation is a prototype of community forestry. It still evolves the diversity of community forestry in a transition to market economy in multi-ethnic minority areas in Xishuangbanna.