桂西壮族文化与植物多样性保护的关系

为深入了解壮族文化多样性与植物资源利用和保护的互动共存状况,采用资料查阅、访谈及实地调查等方法,对桂西壮族不同方面的文化习俗与植物资源利用的关系进行了分析。结果表明:桂西壮族在地域文化、色彩文化、饮食文化和民俗文化等方面均与植物关系密切。用植物命名的自然村有108个,涉及79属88种植物且多数种类具有经济用途;染色植物有17科21属22种,其中茜草科(Rubiaceae)、爵床科(Acanthaceae)和菊科(Asteraceae)种类相对较多;常见的食用野菜有13科31种,以菊科种类最多(12种),唇形科(Lamiaceae)和伞形科(Apiaceae)种类也占一定比例,且食用部位和食用方法多样。民歌中涉及的植物有260多种,多数种类是日常生活中常见的植物,其中包括野菜植物24种、野果植物11种、染料植物7种以及部分药用植物。研究结果显示:壮族文化中的地域文化、色彩文化、饮食文化、民俗文化以及植物崇拜和乡规民俗等对当地的植物资源保护有重要作用,但也受到多种因素的影响,据此提出了相关的植物资源保护和可持续发展对策。

Relationship of Zhuang Nationality culture with plant diversity conservation in Western Guangxi

In order to understand interactive coexistence status of Zhuang ’ s cultural diversity with utilization and conservation of plant resources, the relationship between Zhuang ’s cultural customs in different aspects and utilization of plant resources in Western Guangxi was analyzed by methods of literature compilation, interviews and field surveys, and so on. The results show that the culture in regional, color, dietetic and folk of Zhuang Nationality in Western Guangxi closely relates to plants. There are 108 villages named by plant which involves in 88 species belonging to 79 genera, and most of them possess economic use. There are 22 species of dyeing plants belonging to 21 genera in 17 families, in which, species in Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae and Asteraceae are relative more. Common edible wild vegetables are 31 species in 13 families, in which, species in Asteraceae are the most （12 species） , and species in Lamiaceae and Apiaceae also account for a certain proportion with multiplicity in edible parts and edible methods. More than 260 species are involved in the folk song and most of them are common plants in daily life, in which, there are 24 species of wild vegetables, 11 species of wild fruit plants, 7 species of dyeing plants and some medicinal plants. It is suggested that Zhuang Nationality culture including regional, color, dietetic and folk, and plant worship, folk regulations and local customs, and so on, play an important role in conservation of local plant resources, but which are affected by various factors. Therefore, some countermeasures related to conservation and sustainable development of plant resources are put forward.