肽基生物可激活的活体自组装纳米材料及生物医学应用

在生理环境下原位构筑自组装纳米材料,由于其生物体内的可控性、相容性及功能性优势,在临床应用方面具有广泛前景。利用病理条件在体内触发响应,能够在多重弱键相互作用下自发形成高级有序结构。其中内源性组装触发因素,如酶、pH、活性氧和配受体相互作用等,通过生物可激活的体内自组装(bioactivated in vivo assembly, BIVA)纳米技术,将材料原位自组装成多种可控结构,包括纳米颗粒、纳米纤维、凝胶等。而不同的自组装纳米结构带来了新的生物效应,例如组装诱导滞留效应、靶向增强效应、多价键效应、膜扰动等,实现了高效药物递送、增强靶向和治疗、优化生物分布、提高成药性等功能,为肽基自组装材料的生物医学应用提供创新思路和方向。文中系统总结了基于BIVA技术的肽基自组装材料响应设计及其不同的生物医学应用,并对其未来前景进行展望。

Peptide-based bioactivated in vivo assembly nanomaterials and its biomedical applications: a review

Based on the self-assembly process occurring in the human body all the time, self-assembled nanomaterials were designed by the researchers. The self-assembled nanomaterials have controllability, biocompatibility and functional advantages in vivo. The self-assembled nanomaterials constructed in situ under a physiological environment display various biological characteristics which can be used for imaging, therapy, and broad clinical applications. In situ self-assembled nanomaterials can boost drug function, reduce toxic and side effects, prolong imaging time and enlarge signal-to-noise ratio. By using pathological conditions to trigger specific responses in vivo, well-ordered nanoaggregates can be spontaneously formed by multiple weak bonding interactions. The assembly shows higher accumulation and longer retention in situ. Endogenous triggers for in situ assembly, such as enzymes, pH, reactive oxygen species and ligand receptor interaction, can be used to transform the materials into a variety of controllable nanostructures including nanoparticles, nanofibers and gels through bioactivated in vivo assembly (BIVA) strategies. BIVA strategies can be applied for treatment, imaging or participate in the physiological activities of cells at the lesion site. This review summarized and prospected the design of self-assembled peptide materials based on BIVA technology and their biomedical applications. The nanostructures of the self-assembly enable some beneficial biological effects, such as assembly induced retention (AIR) effect, enhanced targeting effect, multivalent bond effect, and membrane disturbance. Thus, the BIVA nanotechnology is promising for efficient drug delivery, enhancement of targeting and treatment, as well as optimization of the biological distribution of drugs.